Английская Википедия:Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi
Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi (766Шаблон:Sndd. after 869 in Samarra, modern IraqШаблон:Sfn) was a Persian[1][2] astronomer,[3] geographer, and mathematician from Merv in Khorasan, who was the first to describe the trigonometric ratios tangent, and cotangent.
Habash flourished in Baghdad, and died a centenarian some time after 869. He worked under two Abbasid caliphs, al-Ma'mun and al-Mu'tasim.
Work
Ahmad ibn 'Abdallah Habash Hasib Marwazi made astronomical observations from 100 to 2035, and compiled three zijes (astronomical tables): the first were still in the Hindu manner; the second, called the 'tested" tables, were the most important; they are likely identical with the "Ma'munic" or "Arabic" tables and may be a collective work of al-Ma'mun's astronomers; the third, called tables of the Shah, were smaller.
Apropos of the solar eclipse of 829, Habash gives us the first instance of a determination of time by an altitude (in this case, of the sun); a method which was generally adopted by Muslim astronomers.
In 830, he seems to have introduced the notion of "shadow", umbra (versa), equivalent to our tangent in trigonometry, and he compiled a table of such shadows which seems to be the earliest of its kind. He also introduced the cotangent, and produced the first tables of for it.[4][5]
The Book of Bodies and Distances
Al-Hasib conducted various observations at the Al-Shammisiyyah observatory in Baghdad and estimated a number of geographic and astronomical values. He compiled his results in The Book of Bodies and Distances, in which some of his results included the following:[6]
- Earth
- Earth's circumference: 20,160 miles (32,444 km)
- Earth's diameter: 6414.54 miles (10323.201 km)
- Earth radius: 3207.275 miles (5161.609 km)
- Moon
- Moon's diameter: 1886.8 miles (3036.5 km)
- Moon's circumference: 5927.025 miles (9538.622 km)
- Radius of closest distance of Moon: 215,208;9,9 (sexagesimal) miles
- Half-circumference of closest distance of Moon: 676,368;28,45,25,43 (sexagesimal) miles
- Radius of furthest distance of Moon: 205,800;8,45 (sexagesimal) miles
- Diameter of furthest distance of Moon: 411,600.216 miles (662,406.338 km)
- Circumference of furthest distance of Moon: 1,293,600.916 miles (2,081,848.873 km)
- Sun
- Sun's diameter: 35,280;1,30 miles (56,777.6966 km)
- Sun's circumference: 110,880;4,43 miles (178,444.189 km)
- Diameter of orbit of Sun: 7,761,605.5 miles (12,491,093.2 km)
- Circumference of orbit of Sun: 24,392,571.38 miles (39,256,038 km)
- One degree along orbit of Sun: 67,700.05 miles (108,952.67 km)
- One minute along orbit of Sun: 1129.283 miles (1817.405 km)
See also
Notes
References
External links
- Handbuch der Geschichte : aus den Handschriften der k.k. Hofbibliothek zu Wien, der herzoglichen Bibliothek zu Gotha und der Universitäts-Bibliothek zu Leyden (1850), ed.: Ferdinand Wüstenfeld
- An extract from Ibn Kutaiba's 'Adab al-Kâtib; or, The writer's guide (1877), ed.: William Oliver Sproull
- Ibn Kutaiba's Adab-al-kâtib. Nach mehreren Handschriften hrsg. von Max Grünert (1900), ed.: Max Grünert
- Liber poesis et poetarum (1904), ed.: Michael Jan de Goeje
Шаблон:Islamic mathematics Шаблон:Islamic astronomy Шаблон:People of Khorasan Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ General Cartography Шаблон:Webarchive : "The Iranian geographers Abū Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdānī and Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi set the Prime Meridian of their maps at Ujjain, a center of Indian astronomy"
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Islamic Desk Reference, ed. E. J. Van Donzel, (Brill, 1994), 121.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
- ↑ Jacques Sesiano, "Islamic mathematics", p. 157, in Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- Английская Википедия
- 874 deaths
- People from Merv
- 9th-century Iranian mathematicians
- Scientists who worked on qibla determination
- 9th-century Iranian astronomers
- Year of birth unknown
- Men centenarians
- Iranian centenarians
- 766 births
- Mathematicians from the Abbasid Caliphate
- Astronomers from the Abbasid Caliphate
- Astronomers of the medieval Islamic world
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
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