Английская Википедия:Hacienda Azucarera la Esperanza

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox NRHP

Hacienda Azucarera La Esperanza is a former 2265-acre sugarcane plantation located in the Manatí river valley in the municipality of Manatí, Puerto Rico which was founded in the 1830s and, by the 1860s, was one of the largest in the island. It remained operational from 1830 to 1880.[1]

History

Файл:Hacienda Azucarera La Esperanza, 2.65 mi. N of Rte. 2 bridge over Manati River, Manati, Manati Municipio, PR HAER PR,55-MANA,1- (sheet 1 of 2).tif
Map showing the Hacienda Azucarera La Esperanza to the east of the Río Grande de Manatí

The plantation depended on mechanized technology along with slaves which numbered 175 in 1873. The first mill on the plantation produced 100-150 tons of raw sugar every harvest. A second mill is estimated to have generated 200 tons while a third mill produced between 500-600 tons.[2]

Two steam engines were purchased to mechanize sugar production at the hacienda: one in 1841 and another in 1861. The steam trapiche purchased in 1861 remains on the property making it the last known engine of its kind that remains preserved.[3][4] The Hacienda La Esperanza steam engine has been designated a National Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark. Today the entire property is owned by the Puerto Rico Conservation Trust (FCPR, for the initials in Spanish) which preserves and protects it, the property includes some of the only coastal forest left in the region. The organization Para La Naturaleza manages visitation to the historic site in addition to educational and cultural activities and tours into the surrounding nature reserve.[5]

Owner

José Ramon Fernández (1808–1883), an influential, conservative politician and businessman, owned Hacienda Azucarera la Esperanza. Ramon was named Шаблон:Lang by Spain during a tumultuous time in Puerto Rico. The crisis allowed Ramon to purchase more land and expand the Hacienda.[2] Ramon, the 1st Marquis of La Esperanza was the wealthiest sugar baron in Puerto Rico in the 19th century. He was also one of the most powerful men of the entire Spanish Caribbean.[6]

Hacienda La Esperanza Nature Reserve

Hacienda La Esperanza Nature Reserve (Spanish: Reserva Natural Hacienda La Esperanza) is a nature reserve that preserves the grasslands and wetlands of the Manatí river delta in addition to coastal karst hills and cliffs, and numerous scenic beaches such as La Esperanza, Las Marias and Tombolo Beaches.[7] The 2,150-acre protected area surrounds the historic sugarcane plantation, while the historic manor house of Hacienda La Esperanza serves as the visitor center for the nature reserve.[8] The organization Para La Naturaleza, a nonprofit unit off the FCPR, manages and provides visitor services, volunteer activities and educational events in the nature reserve.[5][9]

Ecology

The nature reserve protects important ecosystems and several endangered and endemic species such as the Puerto Rican boa which can be found in the nearby mogotes.[10] Para La Naturaleza also promotes citizen science and organizes related activities such as bird counting.[11][12]

Gallery

See also

Шаблон:Portal

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:NRHP in Manatí, Puerto Rico Шаблон:Subject bar


Шаблон:PuertoRico-NRHP-stub

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web With Шаблон:NRHP url
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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