Английская Википедия:Hadith of the warning
The hadith of the warning (Шаблон:Lang-ar), also known as the invitation of the relatives (Шаблон:Lang-ar),Шаблон:Sfn is an Islamic tradition (hadith) that describes how the Islamic prophet Muhammad made his prophetic mission public. There are two versions of this hadith, both of which are linked to the verse of the Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lit), that is, verse 26:214 of the Quran, the central religious text in Islam. In one version, Muhammad addresses his clan and likens the Judgement Day to an approaching enemy. In the other version, found in Shia and some Sunni sources, Muhammad invites his close relatives to Islam after a meal and seeks their assistance and deputyship. Among them, his young cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib is the only one who offers his help to Muhammad, who then announces him as his heir and successor.
Verse of the Шаблон:Transl
Verse 26:214 of the Quran, known also as the verse of Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lit),Шаблон:Sfn is directed at Muhammad, "And warn your nearest relations."Шаблон:Sfn The verse of the Шаблон:Transl thus commanded Muhammad to make his prophetic mission public by inviting his relatives to Islam around 613 or 617 CE,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn some three years after the first divine revelation, according to the early historians Ibn Sa'd (Шаблон:Died in) and Ibn Ishaq (Шаблон:Died in).Шаблон:Sfn There are two versions of how things unfolded,Шаблон:Sfn which might correspond to two separate attempts by Muhammad, though both attempts were reportedly thwarted by his uncle Abu Lahab.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The verse of the Шаблон:Transl may also parallel Abraham's warning to his father in the same chapter ([[Surah|Шаблон:Transl]]) of the Quran.Шаблон:Sfn
Approaching enemy
According to the first version, Muhammad addressed his clan with a warning that likened the Judgement Day to an approaching enemy,Шаблон:Sfn as reported in Шаблон:Transl, a canonical Sunni compilation of hadiths.Шаблон:Sfn
In other variants, Muhammad also warned his close relatives about Judgement Day, saying, "I possess nothing to your credit with God."Шаблон:Sfn Nevertheless, these variants might have been independent statements later linked to the verse of the Шаблон:Transl to lend more credibility to the idea of free will in Islam.Шаблон:Sfn In this first version, Abu Lahab responded to Muhammad with abusive comments, as transmitted by the early exegete Ibn Abbas, retorting, "Damn you, is this what you called us for?"Шаблон:Sfn
Views
The implication that even kinship to Muhammad does not secure salvation has an anti-Shia message in the opinion of the Islamicist Uri Rubin (Шаблон:Died in), since the Shia values the kinship of their imams with Muhammad.Шаблон:Sfn Indeed, Wilferd Madelung (Шаблон:Died in), another expert, believes that the families of the past prophets play a prominent role in the Quran,Шаблон:Sfn to the point that their descendants are often selected by God in the Quran as the spiritual and material heirs to the prophets.Шаблон:Sfn His view is shared by the historian Husain M. Jafri (Шаблон:Died in).Шаблон:Sfn Yet merit is also a Quranic criterion for membership in a prophet's household (Шаблон:Transliteration), argues the philosopher Oliver Leaman.Шаблон:Sfn For instance, Madelung and Rainer Brunner, another Islamicist, both observe that renegade members of the families of the past prophets are not excluded from God's punishment in the Quran.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In particular, Noah's family is saved from the deluge, except his wife and one of his sons, about whom Noah's plea was rejected in verse 11:46, "O Noah, he [your son] is not of your family (Шаблон:Transliteration)."Шаблон:Sfn
Feast
According to the second version, Muhammad gathered his relatives for a meal. Then he invited them to Islam, as reported by the Sunni historian al-Tabari (Шаблон:Died in) in his Шаблон:Transl on the authority of Ali,Шаблон:Sfn via Ibn Abbas.Шаблон:Sfn In this tradition, Abu Lahab foiled Muhammad's first attempt by dispersing the crowd.Шаблон:Sfn On the second attempt, Muhammad announced,
Possibly the youngest there at the age of about fourteen,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Ali was the only relative who offered his assistance to Muhammad, according to al-Tabari.Шаблон:Sfn In response, Muhammad brought him close and declared,
Muhammad's announcement was nonetheless met with ridicule from Abu Lahab and the guests dispersed, al-Tabari concludes.Шаблон:Sfn The account of the Shia-leaning Ibn Ishaq (Шаблон:Died in) is similar to that of al-Tabari.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The Sunni historian Ibn Hisham (Шаблон:Died in), however, omitted this tradition from his recension of Ibn Ishaq's Шаблон:Transl, possibly because of its Shia implications.Шаблон:Sfn Muhammad's response to Ali in this particular tradition is also not included in Шаблон:Transl, a Sunni collection of hadiths.Шаблон:Sfn In contrast, the response above appears in Shia exegeses under the verse of the Шаблон:Transl, including those by al-Qumi (Шаблон:Died in) and al-Tabarsi (Шаблон:Died in).Шаблон:Sfn Among Sunnis, traditions similar to that of al-Tabari are also reported by Abu al-Fida (Шаблон:Died in) in his Шаблон:Transl and by Ibn Kathir (Шаблон:Died in) in his universal history Шаблон:Transl.Шаблон:Sfn
Miracle
Some traditions attribute a miraculous aspect to this event.Шаблон:Sfn For instance, the Sunni historian Ibn Sa'd (Шаблон:Died in) narrates that Muhammad fed his guests with a single plate of food, which Abu Lahab dismissed as a sorcery.Шаблон:Sfn In this tradition, however, Muhammad rejects Ali's offer to help because of his youth. This negative response to Ali is similar to that in a separate tradition in Шаблон:Transl.Шаблон:Sfn
Views
Rubin writes that Ali's response to the invitation of Muhammad contrasts the response of his tribe, the Quraysh.Шаблон:Sfn He and Moojan Momen, another expert, suggest that the early appointment of Ali as Muhammad's heir in this version supports his right to succeed Muhammad, a central tenet of Shia Islam.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Indeed, it is in this vein that the Shia exegete Muhammad H. Tabatabai (Шаблон:Died in) invokes this tradition.Шаблон:Sfn Rubin also notes that the association of this tradition with the verse of the Шаблон:Transl lends it divine authorization.Шаблон:Sfn At any rate, the linguist Richard F. Burton (Шаблон:Died in) comments that this banquet "won for [Muhammad] a proselyte worth a thousand sabers in the person of Ali, son of Abu Talib."Шаблон:Sfn
See also
Footnotes
References
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
