Английская Википедия:Hadramphus tuberculatus

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Hadramphus tuberculatus (known as the Canterbury knobbled weevil, Spaniard weevil or Banks Peninsula speargrass weevil) is a rare weevil endemic to Canterbury in the South Island of New Zealand. It was thought to be extinct in 1922 but was rediscovered in 2004.

Description

H. tuberculatus is a flightless weevil with a knobbed back. It reaches a length of Шаблон:Convert and a width of Шаблон:Convert. It has a dark brown body with greyish-brown scales. This species tends to survive at high altitudes, specifically 670 meters, within the department of conservation reserve, where Aciphylla, a type of plant species, is abundant (Marris et al., 2008). In addition, in a study done where the ecology and conservation status of the Hadramphus tuberculatus was measured, it was found that the population size decreased from 2009 through 2011 – with the estimated population sizes being 138, 90, and 76, respectively (Fountain et al., 2013).

Taxonomy

This species was first described by Francis Pascoe in 1877 using specimens collected in Canterbury and supplied by Charles Marcus Wakefield. Hadramphus tuberculatus are characterized within the genus of weevils. They belong to the Molytini tribe which consists of four other species: H. tuberculatus, H. spinipennis Broun, H. stilbocarpae Kuschel, and H. pittospori. The Hadramphus tuberculatus are the largest weevils in terms of size and their distinction stems from having rounded tubercles on their backs. In comparison, all four species are on the risk in terms of conservation (Cruickshank et al., 2018).

Status

The knobbed weevil was apparently common over the Canterbury Plains in the 1870s. Possible causes for its disappearance were the removal by farmers of spear grass (Aciphylla), its host plant, and the arrival of predatory European rats. It was last seen in 1922, and was considered extinct until it was rediscovered in late 2004 by research students of the University of Canterbury at Burkes Pass near Lake Tekapo, South Canterbury, New Zealand. It is now listed as nationally endangered by the New Zealand Department of Conservation, and as critically endangered in the IUCN Red List. A detailed ecological study conducted by researchers at Lincoln University in 2009–2011 estimated the population size at Burkes Pass to be only 138 individuals in 2009, decreasing each year to 76 in 2011.

Gallery of images

• Hadramphus tuberculatus with pollen from Aciphylla aurea flower on rostrum

  Hadramphus tuberculatus with pollen from Aciphylla aurea flower on rostrum

• Hadramphus tuberculatus recaptured during mark recapture study at Burkes Pass Scenic Reserve

  Hadramphus tuberculatus recaptured during mark recapture study at Burkes Pass Scenic Reserve

• Файл:Hadramphus tuberculatus.jpg
• Captive rearing study of Hadramphus tuberculatus on a young Aciphylla aurea in an enclosure at Lincoln University

  Captive rearing study of Hadramphus tuberculatus on a young Aciphylla aurea in an enclosure at Lincoln University

• Hadramphus tuberculatus on Aciphylla aurea.

  Hadramphus tuberculatus on Aciphylla aurea.

External links

• Description and Image, PDF Шаблон:Webarchive
• Image of a Museum specimen, PDF
• Past distribution of large weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the South Island, New Zealand, based on Holocene fossil remains
• Discovery brings weevil back from the brink Шаблон:Webarchive
• Hadramphus tuberculatus discussed on RNZ Critter of the Week, 23 October 2015