Английская Википедия:Hagfa Pinyim
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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:RCL
Hagfa Pinyim (literally "Hakka Pinyin") is a system of romanization used to transcribe Chinese characters as used in Hakka into Latin script. Hagfa Pinyim was developed by Lau Chun-fat (Шаблон:Lang-zh) for use in his Hakka Pinyin Dictionary (Шаблон:Lang-zh, literally "Hakka Pinyin Vocabulary") that was published in 1997. The romanization system is named after the Pinyin system used for Mandarin Chinese and is designed to resemble Pinyin.
Writing system
Hagfa Pinyim uses the Latin alphabet and numbers to indicate tones.[1] A single hyphen is used to represent a compound. The vowels listed are conventional forms, however irregular forms may occur.
Consonants
| Hagfa Pinyim | Extended bopomofo | IPA | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| b | ㄅ | p | bag5 Шаблон:Lang |
| p | ㄆ | pʰ | pag6 Шаблон:Lang |
| d | ㄉ | t | du3 Шаблон:Lang |
| t | ㄊ | tʰ | tai4 Шаблон:Lang |
| g | ㄍ | k | ga1 Шаблон:Lang |
| k | ㄎ | kʰ | kiung4 Шаблон:Lang |
| z | ㄗ | ts | zo4 Шаблон:Lang |
| c | ㄘ | tsʰ | ca1 Шаблон:Lang |
| s | ㄙ | s | se4 Шаблон:Lang |
| j | ㄐ | tɕ | ji1 Шаблон:Lang |
| q | ㄑ | tɕʰ | qi2 Шаблон:Lang |
| x | ㄒ | ɕ | xi4 Шаблон:Lang |
| l | ㄌ | l | li1 Шаблон:Lang |
| m | ㄇ | m | mi3 Шаблон:Lang |
| n | ㄋ | n | nai2 Шаблон:Lang |
| ng | ㄫ | ŋ | ngiu2 Шаблон:Lang |
| f | ㄈ | f | fi1 Шаблон:Lang |
| v | ㄪ | v/ʋ | vun2 Шаблон:Lang |
| h | ㄏ | h | heu4 Шаблон:Lang |
Semivowel
| Hagfa Pinyim | Extended bopomofo | IPA | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| y | ㄧ | j | yi1 Шаблон:Lang |
Vowels
| Hagfa Pinyim | Extended bopomofo | IPA |
|---|---|---|
| a | ㄚ | a |
| i | ㄧ | i |
| u | ㄨ | u |
| e | ㄝ | e |
| o | ㄛ | o |
| i | ㆨ | ɨ |
| -b | ㆴ | p |
| -d | ㆵ | t |
| -g | ㆶ | k |
Tones
| Tone number | Chinese tone name | Meixian | Huiyang | Hong Kong[2] | Sixian | Hailu | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | yinping (dark even) | 44 | 44 | 33 | 24 | 53 | fon1 Шаблон:Lang |
| 2 | yangping (light even) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 55 | teu2 Шаблон:Lang |
| 3 | yinshang (dark rising) | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 24 | hi3 Шаблон:Lang |
| 3 | yangshang (light rising) (merged with yinshang) |
31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 24 | hi3 Шаблон:Lang |
| 4 | yinqu (dark departing) | 52 | 53 | 53 | 55 | 11 | mian4 Шаблон:Lang |
| 4 | yangqu (light departing) | — | — | — | — | 33 | |
| 5 | yinru (dark entering) | 1 | 1 | 32 | 2 | 5 | zug5 Шаблон:Lang |
| 6 | yangru (light entering) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 2 | sid6 Шаблон:Lang |
- All words are written in their original tones instead of tones with tone sandhi.
See also
References
