Английская Википедия:Haidian, Beijing
Шаблон:For Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox settlement
Haidian District (Шаблон:Zh) is a district of the city of Beijing. It is mostly situated in northwestern Beijing, but also to a lesser extent in the west, where it has borders with Xicheng District and Fengtai District.
It is 431 square km in area, making it the second-largest district in urban Beijing area (after Chaoyang), and is home to 3,133,469 inhabitants as of November 2020.[1]
Administrative division
The administrative division of the district was reported as follows:
- 22 subdistricts of the city proper of Beijing
- 7 towns of which carry the "area" (Шаблон:Lang) label:Шаблон:Efn
History
Haidian was originally a village outside of Beijing's Inner City.[3] It was first built in the Yuan dynasty and became one of the eight major business areas of the capital during the Qing dynasty and was the seat of such old shops as Lotus White, Quanjude and Hongbin House.[4] The famed Old Summer Palace and Summer Palace, two grand imperial gardens are also among its reputed features. It became a university district after the building of the Tsinghua University and Yenching University campus in the early twentieth century. It is mentioned in Lao She's novel Camel Xiangzi as an academic village for students. After the foundation of the People's Republic, it was deliberately developed as a university area, with many of the Yan'an institutions moving there. It officially became an administrative district in June 1954.[5] Since the reform and opening up, it has become the centre of China's IT industry. In the words of Time magazine: Шаблон:Cquote
During the later half of the 1990s, out of the Beijing districts, Haidian had the highest per capita GDP. During that period the GDP of Haidian (1) District grew by double digits each year.[6]
Transportation
The northwestern stretches of the 3rd Ring Road, 4th Ring Road, 5th Ring Road and 6th Ring Road all run through the area.
Metro & light rail
Haidian is currently served by ten metro lines of the Beijing Subway and one light rail line:
- Шаблон:Rint Шаблон:Rail color box - Yuquanlu, Wukesong, Wanshoulu, Gongzhufen, Military Museum Шаблон:Rint
- Файл:BeijingMTRicon.svg Шаблон:Rail color box - Anheqiao North, Beigongmen, Xiyuan Шаблон:Rint, Yuanmingyuan Park, East Gate of Peking University, Zhongguancun, Haidianhuangzhuang Шаблон:Rint, Renmin University, Weigongcun, National Library Шаблон:Rint
- Шаблон:Rint Шаблон:Rail color box - Liaogongzhuang, Tiancun, Haidian Wuluju, Cishousi Шаблон:Rint, Huayuanqiao, Baishiqiao South Шаблон:Rint
- Шаблон:Rint Шаблон:Rail color box - Yuxin, Xixiaokou, Yongtaizhuang
- Шаблон:Rint Шаблон:Rail color box - National Library Шаблон:Rint, Baishiqiao South Шаблон:Rint, Baiduizi, Military Museum Шаблон:Rint
- Шаблон:Rint Шаблон:Rail color box - Lianhuaqiao, Gongzhufen Шаблон:Rint, Xidiaoyutai, Cishousi Шаблон:Rint, Chedaogou, Changchunqiao, Huoqiying, Bagou Шаблон:Rint, Suzhoujie, Haidianhuangzhuang Шаблон:Rint, Zhichunli, Zhichunlu Шаблон:Rint, Xitucheng, Mudanyuan Шаблон:Rint, Jiandemen
- Шаблон:Rint Шаблон:Rail color box - Dazhongsi, Zhichunlu Шаблон:Rint, Wudaokou, Shangdi, Qinghe railway station Шаблон:Rint, Xi'erqi Шаблон:Rint
- Шаблон:Rint Шаблон:Rail color box - Qinghuadongluxikou, Liudaokou, Beishatan
- Файл:BeijingMTRicon.svg Шаблон:Rail color box - Beianhe, Wenyanglu, Daoxianghulu, Tundian, Yongfeng, Yongfeng South, Xibeiwang, Malianwa, Nongdananlu, Xiyuan Шаблон:Rint, Wanquanheqiao, Suzhouqiao, Wanshousi, Guojia Tushuguan (National Library) Шаблон:RintШаблон:Rint, Ganjiakou, Yuyuantan Dongmen (Yuyuantan Park East Gate), Muxidi Шаблон:Rint
- Файл:BeijingMTRicon.svg Шаблон:Rail color box - Mudanyuan Шаблон:Rint, Beitaipingzhuang
- Шаблон:Rint Шаблон:Rail color box - Xi'erqi Шаблон:Rint, Qinghe railway station Шаблон:Rint
- Шаблон:Rint Шаблон:Rail color box - Fragrant Hills, Botanical Garden, Wan'an, West Gate of Summer Palace, Bagou Station Шаблон:Rint
Suburban Railway
Haidian is served by one commuter line operated by Beijing Suburban Railway (BCR).
Government and infrastructure
The China National Space Administration has its headquarters in the district.[7] The Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center which serves as the central command center for the Chinese space program is also located in the district.
The State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (SAFEA) has its headquarters in Zhongguancun.[8]
The People's Liberation Army Military Music Hall is located in the district.[9]
The Ministry of State Security has a number of major facilities in the district.
Economy
In 2017, the regional GDP was 592.48 billion yuan,[10] with a GDP per capita at 170.8 thousand yuan (25293 US dollars).
A central part of Haidian's economy, the Zhongguancun electronics district, hosts the Beijing offices of many software and computer-technology companies.
- Baidu has its headquarters in the Baidu Campus.[11]
- Sohu has its headquarters in the Sohu.com Internet Plaza.[12][13]
- Sinosteel's headquarters are in the Sinosteel Plaza (Шаблон:Zh) in Haidian District.[14]
- Youku has its headquarters on the fifth floor of Sinosteel Plaza.[15][16]
- Wumart has its headquarters in the Wumart Commercial Building (Шаблон:Zh) in Haidian District.[17]
- aigo's head office is in the Ideal Plaza (Шаблон:Zh) in the Haidian District.[18]
- China Postal Airlines has its headquarters on the 11th through 14th floors of the Ziyu Office Building (Шаблон:Zh) in Haidian District.[19]
- Sinovac Biotech[20]
- The Beijing Civil Aircraft Technology Research Center of COMAC (Шаблон:Lang) has its offices on the 8th floor of the Beijing Olympic Building (Шаблон:Zh) in Haidian District.[21]
- Xiaomi has its headquarters in the Office Building of Huarun Wucai City (Шаблон:Zh).[22]
- Nuctech.[23]
- New Oriental[24]
- Google has its Beijing office in Tsinghua Science Park Bldg 6[25]
- Everbright International has its Beijing office in the Beijing International Building (北京国际大厦) in Zhongguancun.[26]
- ByteDance (developer of Douyin / TikTok) has its global headquarters on Zhichun Road (知春路), Haidian District.
- Lenovo has its global headquarters in Lenovo Campus, Haidian District.
- Grab has its Beijing office in Raycom Infotech Park.
Education
Higher education
Institutions of higher education in Haidian include:
- Beihang University (formerly Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics)
- Beijing Film Academy
- Beijing Foreign Studies University
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing Language and Culture University
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing Sport University
- Capital Normal University
- China Agricultural University
- China University of Geosciences Beijing
- China University of Political Science and Law
- Minzu University of China
- Peking University
- Renmin University of China
- Tsinghua University
- University of International Relations
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
Primary and secondary education
Шаблон:Mainarticle The Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (Шаблон:Zh), the local education authority, has its headquarters in the Beijing Olympic Building.[27][28]
Institutions of secondary education
- Beijing Bayi School
- Beijing 101 Middle School
- Affiliated High School of Peking University
- The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China
- Tsinghua University High School
Private schools include:
- Beijing Haidian Foreign Language Shi Yan School (elementary through senior high school)[29]
- Saint Paul American School
Communities
- Zhongguancun
- Wudaokou
- Madian
- Xinjiangcun (demolished)
Important areas in Haidian District
- Old Summer Palace (Yuanmingyuan Park)
- Summer Palace (Yiheyuan)
- Fragrant Hills (Xiangshan or Jingyi Palace)
- Beijing Botanical Garden (Beijing Zhiwuyuan)
- Jade Spring Hill (Yuquanshan or Jingming Palace)
- Haidian Park
- Pagoda at the Wuta Temple
- Purple Bamboo Park (Zizhuyuan)
- Yuyuantan Park
- Diaoyutai State Guesthouse
- Baidu headquarters
- Sohu headquarters
- Sinosteel Plaza
- Youku headquarters
- Haidian Christian Church
Sports
The Chinese Ice Hockey Association, which governs ice hockey and bandy in China, has its offices at 56, Zhongguacun South Street in Haidian District.[30]
Gallery
Haidian's Technology hubs
Climate
Haidian has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dwa). The average annual temperature in Haidian is Шаблон:Cvt. The average annual rainfall is Шаблон:Cvt with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around Шаблон:Cvt, and lowest in January, at around Шаблон:Cvt.
Sister cities
Since 1992, Haidian District has signed official papers and established Sister City relationship with 14 cities and districts from 10 countries of 4 continents. Some sister cities are shown below:[31]
South America
- Шаблон:Flagdeco Santa Fe, Argentina (May 2010)
- Шаблон:Flagdeco La Falda, Cordoba, Argentina (10 September 2009)
North America
- Шаблон:Flagdeco Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States (8 February 2008)
- Шаблон:Flagdeco Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States (15 April 1998)
Europe
- Шаблон:Flagdeco Savonlinna, Finland (9 March 2016)
- Шаблон:Flagdeco Olympia, Peloponnesus, Greece (28 February 2008)
- Шаблон:Flagdeco Groningen, Netherlands (19 October 2004)
- Шаблон:Flagdeco Bures-sur-Yvette, Massy, Palaiseau, in Paris Region, France (4 October 1994)
East Asia
- Шаблон:Flagdeco Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea (27 September 1995)
- Шаблон:Flagdeco Nerima, Tokyo, Japan (13 October 1992)
Notes
References
External links
Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:Wikivoyage
- Haidian District, Beijing Municipality Шаблон:In lang
- Haidian District, Beijing Municipality Шаблон:In lang
Шаблон:Haidian District Шаблон:Subdivisions of Haidian District, Beijing Шаблон:Beijing Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ University of Texas Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection: A portion of "Originalkarte der Ebene von Peking und des Gebirkslandes im Westen und Norden der Capitale" from Mittheilungen aus Justus Perthes' Geographischer Anstalt uber Wichtige Neue Erforschungen auf dem Gesammtgebiete der Geographie von Dr. A. Petermann. Erganzungsband 10, 1876.
- ↑ Beijing Haidian District People's Government (7 December 2007), Special Shopping Areas in Haidian District Шаблон:Webarchive. Accessed 19 October 2008. NB: this page only loads correctly in Internet Explorer.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Wang, Wenfei, Shangyi Zhou, and C. Cindy Fan. "Growth and Decline of Muslim Hui Enclaves in Beijing" (Archive). Eurasian Geography and Economics, 2002, 43, No. 2, pp. 104-122. Cited page: p. 117.
- ↑ Home page in Chinese. China National Space Administration. Retrieved on 26 February 2016. "地址：北京市海淀区阜成路甲8号 邮编:100048"
- ↑ Home. State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs. Retrieved on 12 July 2017. "邮编：100873 地址：北京中关村南大街一号5号楼 "
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 北京区域统计年鉴2018 Шаблон:Webarchive"Regional Yearbook of Beijing, 2018"
- ↑ "IR Contacts Шаблон:Webarchive." Baidu. Retrieved on 27 December 2010. "Address: Baidu Campus, No. 10, Shangdi 10th Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100085 People's Republic of China."
- ↑ "Contact Us." Sohu. Retrieved on 27 December 2010. "Headquarter Office Sohu.com Internet Plaza, No.1 Park, Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, PRC ."
- ↑ "Sohu.com." CNN Money. Retrieved on 19 August 2009.
- ↑ "Contact Us Шаблон:Webarchive." Sinosteel. Retrieved on 18 November 2012. "Sinosteel Plaza,8 Haidian St., Beijing, P.R.China" - See map and directions in English Шаблон:Webarchive - Chinese Шаблон:Webarchive: "Шаблон:Lang" - See map and directions in Chinese Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ "Contact Us Шаблон:Webarchive." aigo. Retrieved on 25 July 2013. "aigo Digital Technology Co., Ltd. Add: 10-11th Floor, Ideal Plaza, No.58, West Road, North 4th Ring Road, Beijing, 100080, China" Chinese address Шаблон:Webarchive: "Шаблон:Lang"
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web - Chinese address: "地址：中国· 北京 海淀区上地西路39号北大生物城（100085）"
- ↑ "Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China, Ltd." (Archive) COMAC. Retrieved on 10 January 2014.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web - Address in Chinese: "北京市海淀区双清路同方大厦A座2层"
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web - Chinese address: "北京市海淀区海淀中街6号新东方大厦9层"
- ↑ "Google locations." Google. Retrieved on 25 May 2016. "Google Beijing Tsinghua Science Park Bldg 6 No. 1 Zhongguancun East Road Haidian District"
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web - Traditional Chinese address: " 北京市海澱區中關村南大街甲18號北京國際大廈B座1603室" - Simplified Chinese address: "北京市海淀区中关村南大街甲18号北京国际大厦B座1603室"
- ↑ "联系我们" (Contact Us) (Archive). Beijing Municipal Commission of Education. Retrieved on 10 January 2014. "北京市教育委员会地址：海淀区北四环中路267号北京奥运大厦"
- ↑ Home page (Archive). Beijing Municipal Commission of Education. Retrieved on 10 January 2014. "地址：海淀区北四环中路267号北京奥运大厦 邮政编码：100083"
- ↑ "Location." Beijing Haidian Foreign Language Shi Yan School. Retrieved on 7 June 2014. "Address：No.20, Xingshikou Road, Haidian District, Beijing,100195 P.R.China" - Address in Chinese Шаблон:Webarchive: "地址： 北京市海淀区杏石口路20号 邮编： 100195"
- ↑ FIB Members Шаблон:Webarchive, read 20 February 2016
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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