Английская Википедия:Hailu dialect

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Distinguish Шаблон:Infobox language The Hailu dialect (Шаблон:Zh; Hailu Hakka Romanization System: hoi´ liug` kiong`), also known as the Hoiluk dialect or Hailu Hakka (Шаблон:Zh), is a dialect of Hakka Chinese that originated in Shanwei, Guangdong.Шаблон:Sfn It is also the second most common dialect of Hakka spoken in Taiwan.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Classification

The first edition of the Language Atlas of China places the Hakka dialects spoken in Haifeng and Lufeng[1] into the Xin–Hui cluster (Шаблон:Zh) of the Yue–Tai subgroup (Шаблон:Zh) of Hakka.Шаблон:Sfn In the second edition, it is given its own subgroup known as the Hai–Lu subgroup (Шаблон:Zh) separate from the Yue–Tai subgroup.Шаблон:Sfn

Chang Song-hing and Zhuang Chusheng propose that it should be grouped as the Hai–Lu cluster (Шаблон:Zh) of the Mei–Shao subgroup (Шаблон:Zh).Шаблон:Sfn

Distribution

In China, the Hailu dialect is spoken in Shanwei, Guangdong, particularly in Haifeng, Lufeng, and Luhe.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn As of 2012, there are around 1.18 million speakers of the dialect in these three areas.Шаблон:Sfn

In Taiwan, it is spoken in Hsinchu County (Xinfeng, Xinpu, Hukou, Qionglin, Hengshan, Guanxi, Beipu, Baoshan, Emei, and Zhudong), Hsinchu City (Xiangshan and Xinfeng), Taoyuan (mostly in Guanyin, Xinwu, and Yangmei; also pockets in Pingzhen, Zhongli, and Longtan), Hualien County (Ji'an, Shoufeng, Guangfu, Yuli, Ruisui, and Fenglin), and Miaoli County (Toufen, Sanwan, Nanzhuang, Xihu, Houlong, Zaoqiao, Tongxiao, and Tongluo).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In 2013, 41.5% of Hakka people in Taiwan were reported to be able to communicate in the Hailu dialect.Шаблон:Sfn

In Indonesia, it is widely spoken in northern West Kalimantan, including Singkawang, Sambas, and Pemangkat.Шаблон:Sfn

Phonology

Tones

The Hailu dialect has seven lexical tones:Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Tone name dark level
(Шаблон:Lang / Шаблон:Lang)
light level
(Шаблон:Lang / Шаблон:Lang)
rising
(Шаблон:Lang / Шаблон:Lang)
dark departing
(Шаблон:Lang / Шаблон:Lang)
light departing
(Шаблон:Lang / Шаблон:Lang)
dark entering
(Шаблон:Lang / Шаблон:Lang)
light entering
(Шаблон:Lang / Шаблон:Lang)
Example Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang / Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Lang
Tone letter Hetian, Luhe Шаблон:IPA (53) Шаблон:IPA (55) Шаблон:IPA (213) Шаблон:IPA (31) Шаблон:IPA (22) Шаблон:IPA (34) Шаблон:IPA (54)
Hsinchu Шаблон:IPA (53) Шаблон:IPA (55) Шаблон:IPA (24) Шаблон:IPA (11) Шаблон:IPA (33) Шаблон:IPA (5) Шаблон:IPA (2)

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Шаблон:Sino-Tibetan languages Шаблон:Languages of China Шаблон:Languages of Taiwan Шаблон:Chinese language

  1. Including Luhe, which was carved out of Lufeng in 1988.