Английская Википедия:Halcyon-class minesweeper

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The Halcyon class was a class of 21 oil-fired minesweepers (officially, "fleet minesweeping sloops") built for the British Royal Navy between 1933 and 1939. They were given traditional small ship names used historically by the Royal Navy and served during World War II.

Design

There were 21 ships in the Halcyon class, built in two groups; the first using reciprocating steam engines, with steam turbines in the latter. They were generally smaller versions of the Шаблон:Sclass escort sloops. Niger and Salamander of the reciprocating group used vertical triple expansion engines, instead of the vertical compound engines of their sisters. As a result of the increased installed power they had a half knot speed advantage, even though they used slightly shorter hulls. The turbine ships used the same shorter hulls as Niger and Salamander, but with lower installed power, speed dropped back to Шаблон:Convert.

Gleaner, Franklin, Jason and Scott were completed as unarmed survey vessels, Sharpshooter and Seagull being converted to follow suit. They were all re-armed and deployed in their original role on the outbreak of war. Seagull had the first all-welded hull built for the Royal Navy.[1]

Service history

Halcyons served in Home waters, at Dunkirk, on Arctic convoy duty, and in the Mediterranean Sea.

On 3 February 1940 Шаблон:HMS (Cdr. J. R. N. Taylor, RN) was sweeping an area Шаблон:Convert north of Kinnaird Head when attacked by enemy aircraft. A bomb pierced the fo'c'sle deck and exploding destroying the fore part of the ship. She remained afloat and was taken in tow by Halcyon but steadily flooded and capsized and sank. The wreck was later washed ashore north of Lybster and was sold for scrap. The Commanding Officer and forty of the men were killed in the explosion.

Шаблон:HMS (Lt.Cdr. F. B. Proudfoot, RN) was attacked and sunk by a force of German dive bombers off De Panne, Belgium on 1 June 1940. On board Skipjack were between 250 and 300 soldiers just rescued from the Dunkirk beaches during Operation Dynamo. Eyewitness William Stone said "she just disappeared".[2]

Halcyons were pressed into service as anti-submarine escorts; this task slowly decreasing as the ships specifically designed for this task, such as Шаблон:Sclass2s, came off the slips. Halcyons accompanied most of the Arctic convoys, serving both as minesweepers and anti-submarine escorts. Several spent extended periods working out of Soviet naval bases in Northern Russia, such as Murmansk. Four Halcyons were lost during this period.

Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS served in the Mediterranean Sea as part of the 14th/17th Minesweeper Flotilla based in Malta. The minesweepers saw action during the Malta Convoys, Operation Torch, and Operation Corkscrew. Hebe was lost to a mine off Bari, Italy on 22 November 1943.

Friendly fire losses

As the Allied armies advanced following the invasion of Normandy, Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS were assigned to the 1st Minesweeping Flotilla (1MF) clearing Axis minefields north of Normandy to open additional ports to supply the advance. On the afternoon of 27 August 1944, they were sweeping off Cap d'Antifer in preparation for the battleship Шаблон:HMS and monitors Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS to engage Le Havre coastal artillery delaying the advance of Canadian troops.[3]

The headquarters officer assigning the minesweeping project to 1MF neglected to inform the Flag Officer British Assault Area (Rear‑Admiral Rivett‑Carnac), who was responsible for defending the invasion beaches from E-boats operating out of Le Havre. 1MF was observed on a southwesterly leg of the minesweeping operation and assumed to be German ships proceeding to attack Allied shipping off the invasion beaches. The Admiral's staff requested No. 263 Squadron RAF and No. 266 Squadron RAF to attack the presumed enemy ships. The squadrons responded with 16 Typhoons armed with 20 mm cannon and High Explosive "60 lb" RP-3 unguided rockets. RAF pilots identified 1MF as probably friendly shipping, but upon questioning their orders were told the Royal Navy had no ships in the area.[3]

In a well-executed attack out of the sun at 13:30, the Typhoons sank Britomart (Lt. Cdr. Nash, MBE, RNR) and Hussar (Lt.Cdr. A. J. Galvin, DSC, RNR); and Salamander was damaged so far beyond economical repair she was written off as a constructive total loss. Eighty-six British sailors were killed and 124 more were injured. 1MF identified the Typhoons as friendly, and poor visibility into the sun prevented early recognition of the impending "friendly fire". Jason established radio contact to terminate the attack.[3]

Ships in class

Reciprocating group

Turbine group

Footnotes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Шаблон:Refbegin

  • British and Empire Warships of the Second World War, H. T. Lenton, Greenhill Books, Шаблон:ISBN
  • Warships of World War II, by H. T. Lenton & J. J. Colledge, Ian Allan Ltd, Шаблон:ISBN

Шаблон:Refend

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Halcyon class minesweeper Шаблон:WWII British ships

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  1. ↑ Lenton, p.252
  2. ↑ BBC NEWS | UK | Surviving WWI: Veterans' stories
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ Lenton and Colledge 1973, p. 201.
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