Английская Википедия:Hans-Heinz Augenstein

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox military person Hans-Heinz Augenstein (11 July 1921 – 7 December 1944) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator and flying ace during World War II. A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat.Шаблон:Sfn Operating as a night fighter pilot, he was credited with 46 aerial victories, of which 45 were four-engine bombers, all of which claimed in Defense of the Reich.Шаблон:Sfn[Note 1]

Born in Pforzheim-Brötzingen, Augenstein grew up in the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. He joined the military service in the Luftwaffe and was trained as a night fighter pilot. Following flight training, he was posted to Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 (NJG 1—1st Fighter Wing) in 1942. Flying with this wing, Augenstein claimed his first aerial victory on 13/14 May 1943 over a Royal Air Force bomber aircraft. In March 1944, he was appointed squadron leader of 12. Staffel (12th squadron) of NJG 1 and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 9 June 1944 for 35 nocturnal aerial victories claimed. On 7 December 1944, Augenstein was killed in action when he was shot down by a RAF night fighter near Münster.

Early life

Augenstein was born on 11 July 1921 in Pforzheim-Brötzingen, at the time in the Republic of Baden of the Weimar Republic.Шаблон:Sfn

World War II

World War II in Europe began on Friday, 1 September 1939, when German forces invaded Poland. Following the 1939 aerial Battle of the Heligoland Bight, Royal Air Force (RAF) attacks shifted to the cover of darkness, initiating the Defence of the Reich campaign.Шаблон:Sfn By mid-1940, Generalmajor (Brigadier General) Josef Kammhuber had established a night air defense system dubbed the Kammhuber Line. It consisted of a series of control sectors equipped with radars and searchlights and an associated night fighter. Each sector named a Himmelbett (canopy bed) would direct the night fighter into visual range with target bombers. In 1941, the Luftwaffe started equipping night fighters with airborne radar such as the Lichtenstein radar. This airborne radar did not come into general use until early 1942.Шаблон:Sfn

Night fighter career

Файл:Kammhuber Line Map - Agent Tegal.png
A map of part of the Kammhuber Line. The 'belt' and night fighter 'boxes' are shown.

Augenstein first served with 3. Staffel (3rd squadron) of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 (NJG 1—1st Fighter Wing) during mid 1942. In late 1942, Augenstein transferred to 7. Staffel.Шаблон:Sfn This squadron was part of III. Gruppe (3rd group) of NJG 1 and at the time commanded by Hauptmann Wolfgang Thimmig.Шаблон:Sfn Augenstein was credited with his first aerial victory on the night of 13/14 May 1943 when he shot down an Avro Lancaster bomber Шаблон:Convert east of LingenШаблон:Sfn On the night of 23/24 May, RAF Bomber Command sent 829 heavy bombers to Dortmund of which 38 were lost.Шаблон:Sfn Defending against this attack, Augenstein shot down a Handley Page Halifax Шаблон:Convert southwest of Raalte.Шаблон:Sfn

Bomber Command sent 518 bombers on a mission to bomb Essen on the night of 27/28 May, 23 bombers did not return to England. Augenstein was credited with four aerial victories that night, including three Halifax and a Vickers Wellington bomber. The Wellington was HE752 from No. 166 Squadron which crashed near Hengelo.Шаблон:Sfn On 11/12 June, Bomber Command attacked Düsseldorf with 890 bombers. The RAF lost 43 aircraft that night, including a Lancaster bomber shot down by Augenstein Шаблон:Convert northeast of Deventer.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The following night, Bomber Command lost 24 bombers in an attack on Bochum.Шаблон:Sfn Augenstein was credited with the destruction of two Halifax bombers that night.Шаблон:Sfn Augenstein was awarded the German Cross in Gold (Шаблон:Lang) on 16 January 1944.Шаблон:Sfn

Squadron leader and death

On 1 March 1944, Augenstein was made Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 12. Staffel of NJG 1Шаблон:Sfn On the night of 27/28 May, Bomber Command attacked Leopoldsburg. Augenstein claimed three Halifax bombers shot down that night, taking his total to 40 aerial victories.Шаблон:Sfn A little less than two weeks later, on 9 June, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Шаблон:Lang).Шаблон:Sfn Augenstein was shot down on the night of 15/16 June near Roubaix, possibly by Flight Lieutenant W. W. Provan from No. 29 Squadron.Шаблон:Sfn

On the night of 2/3 November, flying from an airfield at Dortmund, Augenstein claimed his last three aerial victories during a RAF raid on Düsseldorf.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn On the night of 7 December 1944, Augenstein's Messerschmitt Bf 110 G-4 (Werknummer 140078—factory number) was shot down Шаблон:Convert northwest of Münster-Handorf by a De Havilland Mosquito night fighter of the Fighter Interception Unit, flown by RAF ace Flight Lieutenant Edward Richard Hedgecoe and Flight Sergeant J.R. Whitham.Шаблон:Sfn Augenstein and his Bordfunker Feldwebel Günther Steins were killed but his air gunner Unteroffizier Kurt Schmidt bailed out unhurt.Шаблон:Sfn Augenstein was credited with 46 victories, all recorded at night and including 45 four-engine bombers.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

Augenstein was credited with 46 victories, of which 45 were four-engine bombers.Шаблон:Sfn Foreman, Parry and Mathews, authors of Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939 – 1945, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 45 nocturnal victory claims.Шаблон:Sfn Mathews and Foreman also published Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, listing Augenstein with 41 claims, plus five further unconfirmed claim.Шаблон:Sfn

Chronicle of aerial victories

Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend

Claim Date Time Type Location Serial No./Squadron No.
– 7. Staffel of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 –Шаблон:Sfn
1 13 May 1943 23:57 Lancaster Шаблон:Convert east of LingenШаблон:Sfn
2 24 May 1943 02:39 Halifax Шаблон:Convert southwest of RaalteШаблон:Sfn Halifax DK169/No. 76 Squadron RAFШаблон:Sfn
3 28 May 1943 00:54 Wellington Шаблон:Convert southwest of HengeloШаблон:Sfn Wellington HE752/No. 166 Squadron RAFШаблон:Sfn
4 28 May 1943 01:05 Halifax Шаблон:Convert northeast of Heek (Шаблон:Ill)Шаблон:Sfn
5 28 May 1943 01:21 Halifax LeerШаблон:Sfn Halifax DK147/No. 76 Squadron RAF[1]
6 28 May 1943 01:37 Halifax Шаблон:Convert east-northeast of DeventerШаблон:Sfn
7 12 June 1943 03:00 Lancaster Шаблон:Convert northeast of DeventerШаблон:Sfn
8 13 June 1943 01:56 HalifaxШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Gildehaus Halifax W7909/No. 10 Squadron RAF[2]
9 13 June 1943 02:03 Halifax northeast of OldenzaalШаблон:Sfn Halifax DT568/No. 51 Squadron RAFШаблон:Sfn
– III. Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 –Шаблон:Sfn
10 27/28 August 1943 Шаблон:Center StirlingШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northwest of Nuremberg
11?Шаблон:Refn 28 August 1943 00:03 four-engined bomber Nuremberg-LoheШаблон:Sfn
– 9. Staffel of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 –Шаблон:Sfn
12 6 September 1943 00:45 Stirling SchönbornШаблон:Sfn Stirling EH878/No. 623 Squadron RAFШаблон:Sfn
13 6 September 1943 01:07 Lancaster Шаблон:Convert northwest of LandauШаблон:Sfn
14 22 September 1943 22:45 Lancaster HüpedeШаблон:Sfn Halifax HR776/No. 158 Squadron RAF[3]
15 23 September 1943 22:50 Lancaster Шаблон:Convert north of SpeyerШаблон:Sfn
16 23 September 1943 23:00 Lancaster Шаблон:Convert north of KirchheimbolandenШаблон:Sfn
17 27 September 1943 23:00 Halifax west of LübbeckeШаблон:Sfn
18 3 October 1943 01:42 Halifax Шаблон:Convert east of KasselШаблон:Sfn
19 9 October 1943 01:42 Lancaster south-southwest of HanoverШаблон:Sfn
20 20 October 1943 22:24 Lancaster OmmenШаблон:Sfn Lancaster JA907/No. 7 Squadron RAF[4]
21 20 October 1943 22:45 Lancaster near ZwolleШаблон:Sfn
22 3 November 1943 20:03 Lancaster southwest of SundernШаблон:Sfn Lancaster DV265/No. 101 Squadron RAF[5]
23?[Note 2] 26 November 1943 02:55 Halifax Frankfurt (Oder)Шаблон:Sfn Halifax LK995/No. 429 Squadron RAFШаблон:Sfn
– 7. Staffel of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 –Шаблон:Sfn
24 16 December 1943 19:00 Lancaster south of OsnabrückШаблон:Sfn
25 24 December 1943 03:00 Lancaster Frankfurt (Oder)Шаблон:Sfn Lancaster LL671/No. 514 Squadron RAF[6]
26 22 January 1944 03:00 Halifax Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of OldenzaalШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Center 27 January 1944 Шаблон:Center Lancaster
27 30 January 1944 21:49 LancasterШаблон:Sfn Lancaster JA702/No. 156 Squadron RAF[7]
28?[Note 2] 30 January 1944 22:00 LancasterШаблон:Sfn
29 15 February 1944 22:48 Halifax EmmerichШаблон:Sfn
30 20 February 1944 02:30 Lancaster ES-5Шаблон:Sfn
31?[Note 2] 25 February 1944 02:50 Halifax south of AugsburgШаблон:Sfn
32 26 February 1944 02:30 LancasterШаблон:Sfn
– 12. Staffel of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 –Шаблон:Sfn
34 2 May 1944 00:32 Lancaster near GhentШаблон:Sfn
35 2 May 1944 00:25 Halifax Шаблон:Convert north of MechelenШаблон:Sfn
36 23 May 1944 01:21 Lancaster EindhovenШаблон:Sfn
37 23 May 1944 01:34 Lancaster Hoogstraten areaШаблон:Sfn
38 28 May 1944 02:13 HalifaxШаблон:Sfn
39 28 May 1944 02:15 HalifaxШаблон:Sfn
40 28 May 1944 02:17 HalifaxШаблон:Sfn
41% 13 June 1944 00:33 Lancaster Cambrai
42 29 July 1944 01:52 four-engined bomber Шаблон:Convert west of StuttgartШаблон:Sfn
43 29 July 1944 02:11 four-engined bomber near StuttgartШаблон:Sfn
– IV. Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 –Шаблон:Sfn
44 4/5 November 1944 Шаблон:Center LancasterШаблон:Sfn
45 4/5 November 1944 Шаблон:Center LancasterШаблон:Sfn
46 4/5 November 1944 Шаблон:Center LancasterШаблон:Sfn

Awards

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:ASN accident
  2. ↑ Шаблон:ASN accident
  3. ↑ Шаблон:ASN accident
  4. ↑ Шаблон:ASN accident
  5. ↑ Шаблон:ASN accident
  6. ↑ Шаблон:ASN accident
  7. ↑ Шаблон:ASN accident
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