Английская Википедия:Hans "Assi" Hahn

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Hans Robert Fritz Hahn (14 April 1914 – 18 December 1982) who was nicknamed "Assi" was a German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II, a fighter ace credited with 108 enemy aircraft shot down in 560 combat missions. He claimed 66 victories over the Western Front, of which 53 were Supermarine Spitfires. Of the 42 victories he recorded over the Eastern Front, at least seven were Il-2 Sturmovik ground-attack aircraft.

Born in Gotha, where he was educated at the Ernestine Gymnasium, in 1934 Hahn volunteered for military service in the Wehrmacht of the Third Reich. Initially serving in the Heer (Army), he transferred to the Luftwaffe (Air Force) in late 1935. Following flight training, he was posted to Jagdgeschwader 134 "Horst Wessel" (JG 134—134th Fighter Wing) in April 1936. In November 1937, Hahn was posted as a flight instructor to the Jagdfliegerschule (fighter flying school) at Werneuchen. On 1 February 1939, he was transferred to the Stabstaffel of I. Gruppe (1st group) of Jagdgeschwader 3 (JG 3—3rd Fighter Wing), based at Merseburg. Hahn transferred to Jagdgeschwader 2 (JG 2—2nd Fighter Wing) "Richthofen" on 11 October 1939 and on 15 December, he was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 4. Staffel of JG 2 "Richthofen". There he claimed his first victory on 14 May 1940, during the Battle of France, over a Royal Air Force Hawker Hurricane fighter. He claimed five victories during the French campaign and further victories during the Battle of Britain which led to the presentation of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 20 September 1940. On 29 October 1940, Hahn took command of III. Gruppe of JG 2 "Richthofen" as Gruppenkommandeur (group commander). Following his 41st aerial victory he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves on 14 August 1941. Legally, it was Germany's highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Hahn.Шаблон:Refn On 16 September 1942, Hahn claimed his 66th and last victory on the Western Front. Hahn was then appointed Gruppenkommandeur of II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing) operating on the Eastern Front. Over the next three months, he claimed 42 further victories, which included his 100th on 27 January 1943.

On 21 February 1943, Hahn made a forced landing following combat with Soviet fighters and was taken prisoner of war. He remained in captivity until late 1950. Following his release, Hahn wrote his memoirs "I Speak the Truth" (Шаблон:Lang) recounted his detailed life in Soviet captivity. He then became a successful businessman before retiring in 1977 to the south of France. He died of cancer on 18 December 1982 in Munich.

Early life and career

Hahn was born on 14 April 1914 in Gotha, at the time in Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, present-day in Thuringia. His parents were Arthur, a Finanzrat (Fiscal Council), and his mother Helene.Шаблон:Sfn He also had an older sister named Käte. A talented athlete, he was selected to participate in the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin in the Pentathlon, but he had to withdraw due to illness. His friends initially nicknamed him "Hansi", a diminutive of his first name Hans, which over time was abbreviated and altered to "Assi".Шаблон:Sfn

Файл:Ernestinum.jpg

Hahn attended the Ernestinum Gymnasium in Gotha.

Hahn enlisted in the Reichswehr on 1 April 1934, as a Fahnenjunker (officer candidate) in 14. (Badisches) Infanterie-Regiment (14th Infantry Regiment). On 1 December 1934, he was promoted to Unteroffizier (corporal). From January to October 1935 he attended the Kriegsschule (war college) in Munich and was promoted to Oberfähnrich (master sergeant) on 1 October 1935.Шаблон:Sfn In November 1935, Hahn transferred to the Luftwaffe, and underwent flight training at Celle. He was promoted to Leutnant (second lieutenant) on 1 April 1936.Шаблон:Sfn On 15 April 1936, Hahn was posted to 4. Staffel (4th squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 134 "Horst Wessel" (JG 134—134th Fighter Wing), named after the martyr of the Nazi movement Horst Wessel. The unit was based at Werl near Dortmund. There he flew the Arado Ar 65, Ar 68 and the then new Messerschmitt Bf 109, first the B later the D-1 variant. This assignment ended on 31 October 1937.Шаблон:Sfn

Файл:Hahn rooster emblem.jpg

Assi Hahn's emblem

From 1 November 1937 to 1 April 1938, Hahn served as a flight instructor and Staffelführer (flight leader) of 1. Staffel in the newly created Jagdfliegerschule (fighter flying school) at Werneuchen.Шаблон:Sfn Acknowledging his leadership skill, he was promoted to Oberleutnant (first lieutenant) on 1 February 1939. He was then transferred to the Stabstaffel of I. Gruppe (1st group) of Jagdgeschwader 3 (JG 3—3rd Fighter Wing), based at Merseburg.Шаблон:Sfn There Hahn introduced his personal emblem of a rooster's head. Hahn in German literally translates in English to rooster.Шаблон:Sfn

On 11 October 1939, II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" (JG 2—2nd Fighter Wing), named after the World War I fighter ace Manfred von Richthofen, was formed from elements of I. Gruppe of JG 2 "Richthofen" and I. Gruppe of JG 3, at Zerbst. Hahn was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 4. Staffel of JG 2 "Richthofen" on 15 December 1939.Шаблон:Sfn

World War II

World War II in Europe began on Friday, 1 September 1939, when German forces invaded Poland. In February 1940, II. Gruppe of JG 2 "Richthofen" relocated to Nordholz. Following the start of the Battle of France on 10 May, the Gruppe moved to Münster and then to airfields in Belgium. Hahn claimed his first victory on 14 May 1940 over a Royal Air Force (RAF) Hawker Hurricane fighter.Шаблон:Sfn

Файл:Bf109 Hahn2.jpg

Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-2, Hans Hahn, France 1941

Hahn would claim five victories during the Battle of France, before becoming even more successful in the Battle of Britain. After 20 claims by September 1940, Hahn was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Шаблон:Lang), promoted to the rank of Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of III./JG 2. Hauptmann Hahn was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Шаблон:Lang) in August 1941 for 41 victories. The presentation was made on 27 August 1941 by Hitler at the Führer Headquarter Wolfsschanze in Rastenburg (now Kętrzyn in Poland). Also present at the award ceremony were the fighter pilots Oberleutnant Hans Philipp and Oberleutnant Heinz Bär who were also awarded the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross.Шаблон:Sfn

Hahn became an "ace-in-a-day" for the first time on 6 May 1942, claiming five Spitfires shot down for aerial victories 61–65. During one dogfight he and his British opponent ran out of ammunition at the same time. They then looked at each other, laughed and threw their hands up.

Файл:Fw190A-3 JG2 Gr.Ko.Hahn42 kl96.jpg

Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A-3 of Hauptmann Hahn, JG 2

Hahn claimed a Supermarine Spitfire on 16 September 1942 to record his 66th claim over the Western Front. Two Spitfires were lost that day; one was shot down by Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" (JG 26) near Le Treport, while Spitfire Vb AB859 from No. 122 Squadron, piloted by Sgt G. Nadan crashed, owing to unknown reasons.Шаблон:Sfn

Hahn was then appointed Gruppenkommandeur of II./Jagdgeschwader 54 Grünherz (JG 54), based near Leningrad on the Eastern Front, on 1 November 1942. In three months he claimed a further 42 Soviet kills. Hahn claimed his 100th victory on 26 January 1943. He was the 34th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.Шаблон:Sfn

Prisoner of war

Hahn documented his experiences as a prisoner of war upon his return in his narrative "I Speak the Truth" (Шаблон:Lang). The book begins with his last combat mission flown on 21 February 1943, and ends with his return in late 1949.Шаблон:Sfn According to his own account, on Sunday 21 February 1943, Hahn intended to fly to Riga for a meeting with the Luftflotte 1 (1st Air Fleet) commanding staff. Since he had not planned to fly operationally, he did not wear his regular combat dress and did not carry a sidearm that day. On his way to his aircraft, he ran into his wingman, Max Stotz, who informed him that the Heer (German Army) had just requested fighter support over the Demyansk combat area.Шаблон:Sfn

On 21 February 1943, Hahn encountered fighters near Staraya, Russa. He shot down a Lavochkin La-5 fighter for his 108th victory before his aircraft received hits in the left wing. Disengaging from combat, Hahn's engine soon began overheating and he force-landed his Bf 109 G-2/R6 in enemy territory. Soviet sources claim Hahn was shot down by Soviet ace Leytenant Pavel Grazhdaninov (13 victories) of 169 IAP (169th Fighter Aviation Regiment).

Hahn was captured and subsequently made a prisoner of war. Hahn's recalcitrant and forceful personality even in the harsh Soviet regime of a prison camp meant he was held captive by the Soviet Union until 1950.

Later life

Hahn was released as a prisoner of war shortly before Christmas 1950. Among others, he was welcomed by his son but learned that his first wife had left him for another man. He worked at the International Corporation of Bayer Leverkusen and later became a director of Wano Schwarzpulver Company, which manufactured gunpowder, at Kunigunde near Goslar. In 1971, he married Gisela von Vietinghoff, daughter of the former Generaloberst Heinrich von Vietinghoff. Hahn retired in 1977 and lived in southern France. He died of cancer on 18 December 1982 in Munich and was buried in Tirol, Austria with his lifelong friend Julius Meimberg speaking at the memorial service.Шаблон:Sfn

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to Spick, Hahn was credited with 108 aerial victories claimed in 560 combat missions. This figure includes 20 aerial victories during the Battle of France and Britain, further 48 aerial victories over the Western Front and 40 more on the Eastern Front.Шаблон:Sfn Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 105 aerial victory claims, plus five further unconfirmed claims. This figure includes 43 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and 62 over the Western Allies.Шаблон:Sfn

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 05 Ost 1151". The Luftwaffe grid map (Шаблон:Lang) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about Шаблон:Convert. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area Шаблон:Convert in size.Шаблон:Sfn

Chronicle of aerial victories
Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location	Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location
– 4. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 2 –Шаблон:Sfn Battle of France — 10 May – 25 June 1940
1	14 May 1940	09:55	Hurricane	GemblouxШаблон:Sfn	3	3 June 1940	14:50	Hawk 75	east-northeast of ParisШаблон:Sfn Épernay
2	19 May 1940	12:18	Hurricane	TournaiШаблон:Sfn	4	6 June 1940	20:35	Hawk 75	RoyeШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Center	19 May 1940	Шаблон:Center	M.S.406	TournaiШаблон:Sfn
– 4. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 2 –Шаблон:Sfn Action at the Channel and over England — 26 June – 28 October 1941
Шаблон:CenterШаблон:Refn	2 July 1940	Шаблон:Center	Hurricane	HazebrouckШаблон:Sfn	13	6 September 1940	10:05	Spitfire	AshfordШаблон:Sfn
6?Шаблон:Refn	11 August 1940	11:45	Spitfire	PortlandШаблон:Sfn	14	7 September 1940	18:25	Spitfire	GillinghamШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Center	25 August 1940	18:30~	Spitfire	DorchesterШаблон:Sfn	15?Шаблон:Refn	8 September 1940	15:35	Hurricane	LondonШаблон:Sfn Thorney Island
7	31 August 1940	09:00	Spitfire	DoverШаблон:Sfn	16	11 September 1940	16:15	Hurricane	StaplehurstШаблон:Sfn
8	31 August 1940	09:05	Spitfire	DoverШаблон:Sfn	17	15 September 1940	15:35	Spitfire	Thorney IslandШаблон:Sfn
9	31 August 1940	19:05	Spitfire	DoverШаблон:Sfn	18	20 September 1940	12:15	Hurricane	LondonШаблон:Sfn
10	4 September 1940	10:15	Spitfire	AshfordШаблон:Sfn	19	23 September 1940	10:30	Spitfire	LondonШаблон:Sfn
11	4 September 1940	14:25	Spitfire	MargateШаблон:Sfn	20	15 October 1940	13:35	Hurricane	SouthamptonШаблон:Sfn
12	6 September 1940	10:00	Spitfire	AshfordШаблон:Sfn
– Stab III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 2 –Шаблон:Sfn Action at the Channel and over England — 28 October 1940 – 21 June 1941
21	6 November 1940	15:50	Hurricane	east of SouthamptonШаблон:Sfn
– Stab III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 2 –Шаблон:Sfn Action in the West — 22 June – 31 December 1941
22	24 June 1941	21:00	Spitfire	northwest of CalaisШаблон:Sfn	36	23 July 1941	20:23	Spitfire	west of HesdinШаблон:Sfn
23	25 June 1941	16:31	Spitfire	MarquiseШаблон:Sfn	37	5 August 1941	18:44	Spitfire	CalaisШаблон:Sfn
24	26 June 1941	11:55	Spitfire	DunkirkШаблон:Sfn	38	7 August 1941	18:17	Spitfire	CalaisШаблон:Sfn
25?	2 July 1941	Шаблон:Center	Hurricane	HazebrouckШаблон:Sfn	39	12 August 1941	12:45	Spitfire	GravelinesШаблон:Sfn
26	7 July 1941	15:36	Hurricane	Шаблон:Convert west of Le TouquetШаблон:Sfn	40	12 August 1941	12:50	Spitfire	Cap Gris-NezШаблон:Sfn
27	7 July 1941	15:37	Hurricane	Шаблон:Convert west of Le TouquetШаблон:Sfn	41	12 August 1941	18:51	Spitfire	RamsgateШаблон:Sfn
28	8 July 1941	15:52	Spitfire	Calais/MarckШаблон:Sfn	42	20 September 1941	16:30	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Convert off Somme Estuary
29	10 July 1941	12:08	Spitfire	Saint-OmerШаблон:Sfn	43	20 September 1941	16:42	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn	Somme Estuary
30	10 July 1941	12:12	Spitfire	Saint-OmerШаблон:Sfn	44	20 September 1941	16:43	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn
31	21 July 1941	08:50	Spitfire	GravelinesШаблон:Sfn	45	27 September 1941	15:35	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn
32	21 July 1941	20:45	Spitfire	WattenШаблон:Sfn	46	2 October 1941	15:05	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn	Pas-de-Calais
33	22 July 1941	13:45	Spitfire	CalaisШаблон:Sfn	47	2 October 1941	18:50	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn	Pas-de-Calais
34	22 July 1941	13:53	Spitfire	CalaisШаблон:Sfn	48	2 October 1941	18:52	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn	Pas-de-Calais
35	23 July 1941	20:20	Spitfire	west of HesdinШаблон:Sfn	49	13 October 1941	14:30	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn	vicinity of Boulogne
– Stab III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 2 –Шаблон:Sfn Action in the West — 1 January – 1 November 1942
50	12 February 1942	14:55	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn		58	4 May 1942	10:46	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn
51	17 April 1942	16:08	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn	vicinity of Calais	59	4 May 1942	15:55	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn
52	20 April 1942	17:07	Spitfire	Isle of WightШаблон:Sfn	60	6 May 1942	12:22	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn
53	22 April 1942	14:32	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn		61	6 May 1942	12:24	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn
54	25 April 1942	16:24	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn		62	6 June 1942	17:25	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn	Cherbourg/Cap Lévi
55	25 April 1942	16:29	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn		63	6 June 1942	17:25	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn	Cherbourg/Cap Lévi
56	30 April 1942	17:27	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn		64	6 June 1942	17:27	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn
57	4 May 1942	10:41	SpitfireШаблон:Sfn		65	16 September 1942	13:15	Spitfire	PQ 05 Ost 1151Шаблон:Sfn
– Stab II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 54 –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — December 1942 – 3 February 1943
66	4 December 1942	10:45	LaGG-3	PQ 18231Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Staraya Russa	84♠	14 January 1943	12:11	La-5	PQ 10271Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Mga
67	4 December 1942	10:47	Il-2	PQ 18231Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Staraya Russa	85♠	14 January 1943	12:12	La-5	PQ 10243Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Schlüsselburg
68	4 December 1942	13:53	Il-2	PQ 18262Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Staraya Russa	86♠	23 January 1943	11:10	La-5?Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn	east of Mga
69	4 December 1942	14:00	Il-2	PQ 2975Шаблон:Sfn	87♠	23 January 1943	11:15	La-5?Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn	Шаблон:Convert southwest of Schlüsselburg
70	12 December 1942	13:56	La-5	PQ 28113Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northwest of Demyansk	88♠	23 January 1943	13:20	La-5	PQ 10171Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Mga
71	12 December 1942	13:58	Il-2	north of Lake WerchneШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Staraya Russa	89♠	23 January 1943	13:22	La-5	PQ 10171Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Mga
72	29 December 1942	11:30	Il-2	PQ 28113Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northwest of Demyansk	90♠	23 January 1943	13:25	La-5	PQ 1014Шаблон:Sfn
73	29 December 1942	11:50	LaGG-3	PQ 28122Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northwest of Demyansk	91	24 January 1943	09:35	La-5	PQ 10192Шаблон:Sfn east of Mga
74♠	30 December 1942	08:50	LaGG-3	PQ 18262Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Staraya Russa	92	24 January 1943	09:40	La-5	PQ 10151Шаблон:Sfn southeast of Schlüsselburg
75♠	30 December 1942	08:53	LaGG-3	PQ 28113Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northwest of Demyansk	93	24 January 1943	09:42	La-5	PQ 10154Шаблон:Sfn southeast of Schlüsselburg
76♠	30 December 1942	08:55	LaGG-3?Шаблон:Refn	PQ 28114Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south-southeast of Malaya Vishera	94	24 January 1943	13:55	La-5	PQ 00261Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Schlüsselburg
77♠	30 December 1942	08:57	LaGG-3	PQ 29772Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Staraya Russa	95	25 January 1943	09:45	La-5	PQ 10151Шаблон:Sfn southeast of Schlüsselburg
78♠	30 December 1942	11:45?Шаблон:Refn	LaGG-3	PQ 18212Шаблон:Sfn	96	25 January 1943	09:47	La-5	PQ 10124Шаблон:Sfn east of Schlüsselburg
79♠	14 January 1943	10:36	La-5	PQ 10104Шаблон:Sfn southeast of Schlüsselburg	97	25 January 1943	09:48?Шаблон:Refn	LaGG-3	PQ 10111Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Schlüsselburg
80♠	14 January 1943	10:37	La-5	PQ 10193Шаблон:Sfn east of Mga	98	26 January 1943	10:58	LaGG-3	PQ 10152Шаблон:Sfn southeast of Schlüsselburg
81♠	14 January 1943	10:38	La-5	PQ 10193Шаблон:Sfn east of Mga	99	26 January 1943	14:00	LaGG-3	PQ 10123Шаблон:Sfn east of Schlüsselburg
82♠	14 January 1943	10:42	La-5	PQ 1181Шаблон:Sfn	100	26 January 1943	14:03	LaGG-3	PQ 10123Шаблон:Sfn east of Schlüsselburg
83♠	14 January 1943	12:10	La-5	PQ 10163Шаблон:Sfn southeast of Schlüsselburg	101	27 January 1943	10:43	LaGG-3	PQ 10111Шаблон:Sfn
– Stab II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 54 –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — February 1943
102	9 February 1943	13:10	P-40	PQ 36 Ost 00422Шаблон:Sfn Pushkin/Mga	106	11 February 1943	10:08	LaGG-3	PQ 36 Ost 00271Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Pushkin
103	9 February 1943	13:11	P-40	PQ 36 Ost 00434Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Mga	107	19 February 1943	11:50	Il-2	PQ 35 Ost 28351Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Demyansk
104	11 February 1943	09:52	P-40	PQ 36 Ost 00283Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Mga	108	21 February 1943	09:11	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 18463Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Demyansk
105	11 February 1943	09:58	P-40	PQ 36 Ost 00263Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Schlüsselburg

Awards

• Iron Cross (1939)
  • 2nd Class (30 May 1940)Шаблон:Sfn
  • 1st Class (13 June 1940)Шаблон:Sfn
• Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe in Gold (26 April 1941)Шаблон:Sfn
• German Cross in Gold on 16 July 1942 as Hauptmann in the III./Jagdgeschwader 2Шаблон:Sfn
• Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
  • Knight's Cross on 24 September 1940 as Oberleutnant and pilot in the 4./Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen"Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
  • 32nd Oak Leaves on 14 August 1941 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of the III./Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen"Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Dates of rank

1 April 1934:	FahnenjunkerШаблон:Sfn
May 1934:	Fahnenjunker-GefreiterШаблон:Sfn
1 December 1934:	Fahnenjunker-UnteroffizierШаблон:Sfn
1 October 1935:	OberfähnrichШаблон:Sfn
1 April 1936:	Leutnant (Second Lieutenant)Шаблон:Sfn
1 February 1939:	Oberleutnant (First Lieutenant)Шаблон:Sfn
29 October 1940:	Hauptmann (Captain)Шаблон:Sfn
1 January 1943:	Major (Major)Шаблон:Sfn

Works

• Шаблон:Cite book

References

Bibliography

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