Английская Википедия:Haragei
Шаблон:Italic title Шаблон:Nihongo is a Japanese concept of interpersonal communication.[1] It also appears in martial arts circles, with a somewhat different meaning; see below. Literally translated, the term means "stomach art", and it refers to an exchange of thoughts and feelings that is implied in conversation, rather than explicitly stated.[1] It is a form of rhetoric intended to express real intention and true meaning through implication.[2] In some societies,Шаблон:Clarify it can also denote charisma or strength of personality.[3]
Takie Lebra identified four dimensions of Japanese silence – truthfulness, social discretion, embarrassment and defiance.[4] In Western literature, the essence of the difference between just talking and really communicating through silence is analyzed in Harold Pinter's The Dumb Waiter.[5]
In negotiation, Шаблон:Transl is characterised by euphemisms, vague and indirect statements, prolonged silences and careful avoidance of any comment that might cause offense.[6] Information is communicated through timing, facial expression and emotional context, rather than through direct speech.[7] It is sometimes considered a duplicitous tactic in negotiation to obfuscate one's true intentions, which may cause Шаблон:Transl to be viewed with suspicion.[8] It can also be misconstrued by those with limited experience in the tactic.
Шаблон:Transl also functions as a method of leadership, replacing direct orders to subordinates with subtle, non-verbal signals. It is considered a desirable trait in a leader in Japan.[9] However, it may make assigning of responsibility or blame to the leader difficult.Шаблон:Citation needed
In martial arts
In martial arts circles, Шаблон:Transl has a different meaning, although the concepts are related. Here it refers to those arts which enable the practitioner to sense threats or anticipate an opponent's movements.[10][11]
See also
References
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Davies, R & Ikeno, O; The Japanese Mind: Understanding Contemporary Japanese Culture; Tuttle 2002 p103-108
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Hahn, T; Sensational knowledge: embodying culture through Japanese dance, Wesleyan University Press, 2007, p67
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Binnendijk, H; National Negotiating Styles, DIANE Publishing, 1987 p55
- ↑ Hassell, R; Haragei: Speaking from the gut in Black Belt Magazine, January 1985 edition
- ↑ Johnson, F; Dependency and Japanese Socialization: Psychoanalytic and Anthropological Investigations in Amae, NYU Press 1995
- ↑ Kaiser, D; Pedagogy and the practice of science: historical and contemporary perspectives, MIT Press 2005, p369
- ↑ Durbin, W; The Fighting Arts of the Samurai: the Warrior's Combat Handbook in Black Belt Magazine March 1990 edition p42
- ↑ Lovret, F; The way and the power: secrets of Japanese strategy, Paladin Press 1987, p96
