Английская Википедия:Haram (Yemen)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox ancient site Haram (Шаблон:Lang-ar; Old South Arabian 𐩠𐩧𐩣 hrm-m, with mimation Haramum) (known today as Kharibat Hamdān and Kharibat ʾl ʿAlī) is an ancient city in the north of al-Jawf in modern-day Yemen, at about 1100 metres above sea level. It is bordered by the Yemen Highlands to the north, in the west by the ancient Kaminahu (present day Kamna), in the east by the ancient Qarnāwu (modern Ma'īn), and in the south by the Ghayl, otherwise known as the village of al-Ḥazm.
History
In early times Haram was an independent political entity, which by the early 7th century BC was a vassal of the Kingdom of Saba' to the south and of its ruler Karab El Watar. During the war of Saba' against Awsān and the city states of Nashan and Nashaq, the Haramite king Yadhmurmalik supported Saba' with an army under the leadership of one General Hanba from the clan of Naʿman.[1] It is from this time that the temple of Banāt 'Ād dates, it is situated in front of the gates of Haram, and contains many dedicatory inscriptions, including some to the Haramite god Mutibbnatyan.[1] At the time of the founding of the Kingdom of Ma'īn at the latest, the capital of which, Qarnāwu, was only 6 kilometers away, Haram lost its importance. After the end of the Minaean Kingdom, it regained its importance for a while under Sabaean rule. It is not clear just when Haram was abandoned.
A stela of Yatha' Amar Watar dated to about 715BC, tells that he invaded the area and took the town. It reads Шаблон:Quote
Kings of Haram
The order of succession is mostly unknown.[2]
- Yadhmurmalik along with Watar'il
- Yadhmurmalik along with Bi'athtar (allied to Karib'il Watar I., c. 685 BC)
- Watar'il
- Yaschhurmalik Nabat (?)
- Watar'il Dharihan, son of Yadhmurmalik
- Yuhar'il (?)
- Ma'adkarib Raydan, son of Hwtrʿṯt
Culture
Haram was in Wādī Madhāb,[3] to the north-east of Ma'rib. It was a town in ancient South Arabia. Haram and its neighbours, Nashan, Kaminahu and Inabba' were all civil temple settlements and city states, and inscriptions in all four towns are in the Minaean language.
External links
References
Шаблон:Reflist Шаблон:Tourist attractions in Yemen Шаблон:Coord
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Walter W. Müller (Hrsg.) / Hermann von Wissmann: Die Geschichte von Sabaʾ II. Das Grossreich der Sabäer bis zu seinem Ende im frühen 4. Jh. v. Chr. (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-historische Klasse. Sitzungsberichte, Vol. 402) Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, Vienna 1982. Шаблон:ISBN
- ↑ For details see: K. A. Kitchen, Documentation for Ancient Arabia I, Liverpool 1994, pp. 113-114, 181-182 Шаблон:ISBN
- ↑ Leonid Kogan and Andrey Korotayev: Sayhadic Languages (Epigraphic South Arabian). Semitic Languages. London: Routledge, 1997. Pg. 221.
