Английская Википедия:Hartman Ikarus
Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use British English
The Ikarus was a human-powered ornithopter, designed by the sculptor and designer Emiel Hartman in the late 1950s.[1]
Development
The ornithopter was a high-wing monoplane, with the pilot seated in a recumbent position. Its construction followed conventional glider practice of the time. The fuselage had a bulkhead construction, covered in thin plywood. The wings featured a torsion-box spar and leading edge arrangement, and were also made from thin plywood. A series of 30 'feathers', covered in madapollam cotton were attached aft of the spar, and were able to individually bend and twist as the wings were flapped.[2] The wings could be flapped through an arc of 30° dihedral to 10° anhedral, via a parallelogram structure which the pilot could operate using leg and arm power, with a rowing-like action. Bungee cords were integrated into the drive mechanism, to absorb and release energy as needed.[1][3] It was expected that the wings would flap at 30 beats per minute.[2] The craft featured a conventional empennage, with the pilot being able to control the elevator and rudder. There was no provision for lateral control. There was a tricycle undercarriage, with a steerable nosewheel.[1][2]
Design of the ornithopter began in February 1958, with Hartman seeking advice from a number of aviation organisations and consultants. Construction commenced in August, with the work being undertaken by the glider constructor Don Campbell of Hungerford, Berkshire.[2] The craft was completed by August 1959, with initial taxi trials being undertaken in September. In mid-October, the Ikarus was delivered to Cranfield Airport for further tests.[2]
Testing
Flight testing commenced on Sunday, 1 November 1959, with Hartman acting as pilot. Non-flapping flights were made, towed behind an automobile. During a subsequent towed flight, conducted on Wednesday, 4 November, at an altitude of Шаблон:Convert, Hartman experienced control difficulties due to a Шаблон:Convert crosswind, landed heavily and incurred a ground loop, which damaged the port wing.[4][5]
In 1964, it was reported that the Ikarus was still in storage at the College of Aeronautics, at Cranfield, with no further flight attempts having been made.[4] The project (including design, drawing, and construction) was said to have involved 4,624 hours worth of work, and to have cost £2,450.[2]
Patents
Specifications
See also
References
Bibliography
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокREAYне указан текст - ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокSAILне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокAERO64Aне указан текст - ↑ 4,0 4,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокAERO64Bне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокFLIGHTне указан текст
- Страницы с игнорируемыми отображаемыми названиями
- Английская Википедия
- 1950s British experimental aircraft
- Aircraft first flown in 1959
- Human-powered aircraft
- Ornithopters
- High-wing aircraft
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
- Страницы с ошибками в примечаниях
