Английская Википедия:Harwich (UK Parliament constituency)

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox UK constituency main Harwich Шаблон:IPAc-en was a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom until its abolition for the 2010 general election.

History

The Parliamentary Borough of Harwich had sent two members to the Parliament of England since it was founded in 1604 until 1707, then to the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and to the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801. Under the Reform Act of 1867 its representation was reduced to one, and in 1885 the Parliamentary Borough was abolished and replaced with a Division of the County of Essex (later a County Constituency) under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885. For a long period of time it was known as a "Treasury borough" due to the control the Treasury had over its elections.

The constituency was abolished for the 2010 general election by the Fifth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, being succeeded by the new constituency of Clacton and part of the new constituency of Harwich and North Essex.

Boundaries and boundary changes

1885–1918

• The Municipal Borough of Harwich; and
• Parts of the Sessional Divisions of Lexden and Winstree.

Non-resident freeholders of the Parliamentary Borough of Colchester, which constituted the Municipal Borough thereof, were also entitled to vote.

Formally known as the North Eastern or Harwich Division of Essex, incorporating the abolished Parliamentary Borough of Harwich and extending southwards and westwards to include the towns of Clacton and Brightlingsea and the rural areas surrounding Colchester.

Файл:Harwich1918.png

Harwich in Essex, 1918-83

1918–1950

• The Municipal Borough of Harwich;
• The Urban Districts of Brightlingsea, Clacton, Frinton-on-Sea, Walton-on-the-Naze, and Wivenhoe; and
• The Rural District of Tendring.

Western, rural areas now included in the new Colchester Division of Essex.

1950–1983

• The Municipal Borough of Harwich;
• The Urban Districts of Brightlingsea, Clacton, Frinton and Walton, and Wivenhoe; and
• The Rural District of Tendring.

No changes. (The Urban Districts of Frinton-on-Sea and Walton-on-the-Naze had been merged).

1983–1997

• The District of Tendring wards of Beaumont and Thorpe, Bockings Elm, Bradfield Wrabness and Wix, Frinton, Golf Green, Great and Little Oakley, Harwich East, Harwich East Central, Harwich West, Harwich West Central, Haven, Holland and Kirby, Little Clacton, Ramsey, Rush Green, Southcliff, St Bartholomew's, St James, St John's, St Mary's, St Osyth, Tendring and Weeley, and Walton.

Western parts, including Brightlingsea and Wivenhoe, included in the new constituency of North Colchester.

1997–2010

• The District of Tendring wards of Beaumont and Thorpe, Bockings Elm, Frinton, Golf Green, Great and Little Oakley, Harwich East, Harwich East Central, Harwich West, Harwich West Central, Haven, Holland and Kirby, Little Clacton, Ramsey, Rush Green, St Bartholomew's, St James, St John's, St Mary's, Southcliff, and Walton.

A further western slice, including St Osyth, added to the new constituency of North Essex (which had largely succeeded North Colchester).

Following the Boundary Commission's Fifth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, Parliament radically altered some constituencies and created new ones to allow for changes in population. Consequently, the constituency of Harwich was abolished. The majority of the constituency, including Clacton, Frinton and Walton, formed the new constituency of Clacton, and Harwich and surrounding areas were included in the new constituency of Harwich and North Essex.

Members of Parliament

Constituency founded 1604

1604 to 1660

Parliament	First member	Second member
1604	Richard Browne	Thomas Trevor
1605	John Panton
1614	Sir Harbottle Grimston	Sir Robert Mansell
1614 (Apr)		Sir Charles Montagu
1620	Sir Thomas Cheek	Edward Grimston
1624	Sir Nathaniel Rich	Christopher Herrys
1625	Sir Edmund Sawyer	Christopher Herrys
1626	Sir Nathaniel Rich	Christopher Herrys
1628–1629	Sir Nathaniel Rich	Christopher Herrys
1629–1640	No Parliaments convened
1640 (Apr)	Sir Thomas Cheek	Sir John Jacob, 1st Baronet
1640 (Nov)	Sir Harbottle Grimston, 1st Baronet	Sir Thomas Cheek
1645	Sir Harbottle Grimston, 1st Baronet, died replaced 1647 by Harbottle Grimston, 2nd Baronet who was secluded Dec 1648 in Pride's Purge	Sir Thomas Cheek
1648	Sir Thomas Cheek	Capel Luckyn
1653	Harwich not represented in Barebone's Parliament
1654	Harwich not represented in First Protectorate Parliament
1656	Harwich not represented in Second Protectorate Parliament
1659	John Sicklemore	Thomas King

1660–1868

Year		First member	First party		Second member	Second party
1660		Sir Capel Luckyn, Bt			Sir Henry Wright, Bt
1661		Thomas King
1664					Sir Capel Luckyn, Bt
February 1679		Sir Anthony Dean			Samuel Pepys
August 1679		Sir Philip Parker, Bt			Sir Thomas Middleton
1685		Sir Anthony Dean			Samuel Pepys
1689		Sir Thomas Middleton			John Eldred
1690					The Viscount Newhaven
1695					Sir Thomas Davall
1698		Samuel Atkinson
1699		Sir Thomas Middleton
1701		Dennis Lydell
1702		John Ellis
May 1708		Sir John Leake			Thomas Frankland
December 1708		Kenrick Edisbury
1713		Carew Hervey Mildmay			Sir Thomas Davall
May 1714					Thomas Heath
June 1714					Benedict Calvert
1715		Sir Philip Parker-a-Morley-Long, Bt			Thomas Heath
1722					Humphrey Parsons
1727					John Perceval
1734		Carteret Leathes			Charles Stanhope
1741		John Phillipson			Hill Mussenden
1747					Edward Coke
1753					Wenman Coke
1756		William Ponsonby
1758		Thomas Sewell
1761		Charles Townshend			John Roberts
1767		Thomas Bradshaw
1768		Edward Harvey
1772					Charles Jenkinson
1774					John Robinson
1778		George North
1784	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Thomas Orde	Tory
1796		Richard Hopkins
1799		Henry Dillon-Lee
1802		Thomas Myers
January 1803				rowspan="6" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	John Hiley Addington	Tory
April 1803		James Adams
1806	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	William Fremantle	Tory
March 1807		James Adams
May 1807	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	William Huskisson	Tory
1812	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Nicholas Vansittart	Tory
1818	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			Charles Bathurst	Tory
1823	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	George Canning	Tory	rowspan="5" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	John Charles Herries	Tory
1826	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Nicholas Conyngham Tindal	Tory
1827	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Sir William Rae, Bt	Tory
1830	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	George Robert Dawson	Tory
1832	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Christopher Thomas Tower	Whig
1834	rowspan="3" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			Conservative
1835	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Francis Robert Bonham	Conservative
1837	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Alexander Ellice	Whig
1841	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	John Attwood	Conservative	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	William Beresford	Conservative
1847	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |		Peelite	rowspan="7" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	John Bagshaw	Whig
1848 by-election	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Sir John Hobhouse, Bt	Radical
March 1851 by-election	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Henry Thoby Prinsep	Conservative
May 1851 by-election	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Robert Wigram Crawford	Whig
July 1851		Writ suspended
April 1852 by-election	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Sir Fitzroy Kelly	Conservative
May 1852 by-election	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Isaac Butt	Conservative
July 1852	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	George Peacocke	Conservative	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	David Waddington	Conservative
1853 by-election	rowspan="3" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	John Bagshaw	Whig
March 1857	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			George Drought Warburton	Independent Whig
December 1857 by-election	rowspan="2" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			Robert John Bagshaw	Whig
March 1859 by-election	rowspan="4" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	Henry Jervis-White-Jervis	Conservative
May 1859	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			Hon. William Campbell	Liberal
1860 by-election	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			Richard Rowley	Conservative
1865	style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |			John Kelk	Conservative
1868	Constituency reduced to one member

1868–2010

Election		Member	Party
1868		Representation reduced to one member
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1868	Henry Jervis-White-Jervis	Conservative
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1880	Henry Tyler	Conservative
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1885	James Round	Conservative
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1906	Arthur Lever	Liberal
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1910	Harry Newton	Conservative
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1922	Albert Hillary	Liberal
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1924	Sir Frederick Rice	Conservative
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1929	Sir John Pybus	Liberal
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1931		Liberal National
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1935	Sir Stanley Holmes	Liberal National
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1954 by-election	Julian Ridsdale	National Liberal
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1968		Conservative
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1992	Iain Sproat	Conservative
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	1997	Ivan Henderson	Labour
style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" |	2005	Douglas Carswell	Conservative
	2010	Constituency abolished: see Clacton and Harwich and North Essex

Elections

Elections in the 1830s

Herries was appointed Secretary at War, requiring a by-election.

Elections in the 1840s

Attwood's election was declared void on petition due to bribery by his agents, causing a by-election.

Elections in the 1850s

Hobhouse was elevated to the peerage, becoming 1st Baron Broughton and causing a by-election.

Prinsep's election was declared void on petition due to bribery, causing a by-election.

Crawford's election was declared void, due to polling being closed prematurely, and the seat's writ was suspended in July 1851. A by-election was called the next year.

Kelly resigned to contest a by-election in East Suffolk, causing a by-election.

Peacocke's election was declared void on petition, due to corrupt practices, causing a by-election.

Warburton's death caused a by-election.

Bagshaw's resignation caused a by-election.

Elections in the 1860s

Campbell succeeded to the peerage, becoming Lord Stratheden and Campbell, and causing a by-election.

Seat reduced to one member Шаблон:Election box begin Шаблон:Election box winning candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box majority Шаблон:Election box turnout Шаблон:Election box registered electors Шаблон:Election box hold with party link Шаблон:Election box end

Elections in the 1890s

Файл:James Round.jpg

Round

Elections in the 1900s

Файл:Arthur Lever.jpg

Lever

Elections in the 1910s

Шаблон:Election box begin Шаблон:Election box winning candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box majority Шаблон:Election box turnout Шаблон:Election box gain with party link Шаблон:Election box end Шаблон:Election box begin Шаблон:Election box winning candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box majority Шаблон:Election box turnout Шаблон:Election box hold with party link Шаблон:Election box end General Election 1914–15:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

• Unionist: Harry Newton
• Liberal: Edward Aylmer Digby

Файл:Edward Aylmer Digby.jpg

Aylmer Digby

Elections in the 1940s

General Election 1939–40: Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1940. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place from 1939 and by the end of this year, the following candidates had been selected;

• Liberal National: Stanley Holmes
• Labour: Ald. Joseph Hewitt

Elections in the 1990s

This was the Referendum Party's best result in the election.

See also

• List of parliamentary constituencies in Essex