Английская Википедия:Haut-Uele District
Шаблон:Infobox settlement Haut-Uele District (Шаблон:Lang-fr, Шаблон:Lang-nl) was a district of the Belgian Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was formed from part of Uele District in 1912. It roughly corresponded in area to the present Haut-Uélé province.
Location
Haut-Uele District (Upper Uele District) was named after the Uele River, and covers the upper part of the river basin.Шаблон:Sfn
Belgian Congo
The Haut-Uele District was created by an arrêté royal of 28 March 1912, which divided the Congo into 22 districts.Шаблон:Sfn A 1912 map shows that the former Uele District had been broken into the Haut-Uele and Bas-Uele (Lower Uele) districts. Haut-Uele was bordered by French territory to the north, British territory to the east, Ituri and Stanleyville districts to the south and Bas-Uele to the west.Шаблон:Sfn The Haut-Uele District became part of the Orientale Province created in 1913.Шаблон:Sfn
Kilo-Moto is a region in the far northeast corner of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) where gold was discovered in the Ituri River by government prospectors in 1903. Moto is in the Haut-Uélé Province and Kilo in the Ituri Province.Шаблон:Sfn The Kilo mine was opened in 1905 and the Moto mine in 1911. Gold was also extracted by panning the river gravels. In 1919 the government created the Régie Industrielle des Mines de Kilo-Moto, an autonomous body.Шаблон:Sfn At the end of 1919 Louis Franck, the Minister of the Colonies, gave Georges Moulaert, former governor of Équateur Province, responsibility for the Kilo-Moto state mines. These were located in largely hostile territory, with no communications and very primitive operations.Шаблон:Sfn
Moulaert tackled improvements to roads, transport, medical support, supplies and crops, as well as mining installations, exploitation of alluvium and eluvium deposits, prospecting and research. Between 1920 and 1924 the company built Шаблон:Convert of roads, with many metal bridges, and installed Шаблон:Convert of telegraph and telephone lines. In 1924 a Шаблон:Convert hydroelectric power station was inaugurated at Soleniana and the grinding plant was electrified. Due to poor transport across the Congo region, particularly the Matadi-Léopoldville Railway, the company developed a route from the Uele River to the Nile to transport cotton, coffee and other products of the region.Шаблон:Sfn
In 1926 the Régie was converted into a commercial company, the Société des Mines d’Or de Kilo-Moto. Hydroelectric stations were built to power the crushing plants, and by 1930 the two mines, but mostly Kilo, were producing almost Шаблон:Convert annually.Шаблон:Sfn Moulaert was made chairman of the board. He continued to head the company until 1947.Шаблон:Sfn Moulaert boosted gold production at Kilo-Moto, but his methods were questioned, particularly forced recruitment of Black workers, who totaled 10,012 in 1918 and over 40,000 in 1939.Шаблон:Sfn Alexis Bertrand wrote a 1932 report that strongly criticized the practices at the Kilo-Moto gold mines.Шаблон:Sfn The report said from 35% to 50% of able bodied adult men were forced to leave their homes to work the gold deposits, far above the official limit of 10% set by the Manpower Commission. This caused public controversy. Moulaert strongly defended "his" company, but criticism continued into the 1940s.Шаблон:Sfn
With the 1933 reorganization Bas-Uele and Haut-Uele were again combined into Uele District, and lay in the new Stanleyville Province. By 1954 Stanleyville Province had been renamed Orientale Province, and Uele District had again been split into Bas-Uele and Haut-Uele districts.Шаблон:Sfn A 1955–1957 map shows Haut-Uele District bordered by French territory to the north, Ituri District to the southeast, Stanleyville District to the southwest and Bas-Uele District to the west.Шаблон:Sfn The area was Шаблон:Convert out of a total of Шаблон:Convert for Orientale province as a whole.Шаблон:Sfn
Post-independence
On 27 July 1962 the administration of Orientale Province was taken over by the central government. It was divided into the new provinces of Kibali-Ituri, Uélé and Haut-Congo. On 28 December 1966 Orientale Province was reunited.Шаблон:Sfn
The Durba Mine is a gold mine in the Haut-Uele Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, within the Kilo-Moto greenstone belt. As of 2011 a joint venture between AngloGold Ashanti and Randgold Resources was actively developing the Kibali Gold Mine concession centered on this mine.Шаблон:Sfn Between 1998 and 2000, co-circulating Marburg virus and Ravn virus caused 154 cases of Marburg virus disease and 128 deaths among illegal gold miners in Durba and nearby Watsa.Шаблон:Sfn
The 2008 Christmas massacres took place on 24–27 December 2008, when the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), a Ugandan rebel group, attacked several villages in Haut-Uele District.Шаблон:Sfn The Makombo massacre took place from 14 to 17 December 2009 in the village and region of Makombo in the Haut-Uele district.Шаблон:Sfn Human Rights Watch (HRW) believes the attacks, which killed 321 people, were perpetrated by the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), which denied responsibility.
In 2015 Orientale Province was broken up into the provinces of Bas-Uélé, Haut-Uélé, Ituri and Tshopo.Шаблон:Sfn
Maps
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1912 provinces and districts. Haut-Uele in northeast corner.
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1926 provinces and districts. Some boundary refinements
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1933 provinces and districts. Haut-Uele divided between Uele and Kibali-Ituri
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The current Haut-Uélé province
See also
References
Sources
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Шаблон:Refend Шаблон:Districts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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