Английская Википедия:Hawaiian tropical dry forests
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox ecoregion
Hawaiian tropical dry forests are a tropical dry broadleaf forest ecoregion in the Hawaiian Islands. They cover an area of Шаблон:Convert on the leeward side of the main islands and the summits of [[Niihau|NiШаблон:Okinaihau]] and [[Kahoolawe|KahoШаблон:Okinaolawe]]. These forests are either seasonal or sclerophyllous.[1] Annual rainfall is less than Шаблон:Convert and may be as low as Шаблон:Convert.[2] The rainy season there lasts from November to March.[3]
Dominant tree species include koa (Acacia koa), koaiШаблон:Okinaa (A. koaia), Шаблон:Okinaakoko (Euphorbia spp.), Шаблон:OkinaōhiШаблон:Okinaa lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha), lonomea (Sapindus oahuensis), māmane (Sophora chrysophylla), loulu (Pritchardia spp.), lama (Diospyros sandwicensis), olopua (Nestegis sandwicensis), wiliwili (Erythrina sandwicensis), and Шаблон:Okinailiahi (Santalum spp.). Endemic plant species include hau heleШаблон:Okinaula (Kokia cookei), uhiuhi (Caesalpinia kavaiensis), and Gouania spp. The palila (Loxioides bailleui), a Hawaiian honeycreeper, is restricted to this habitat type.[1]
Prehistoric dry forests
The forests' plant composition changed following the arrival of Polynesians, even excluding the deliberate introduction of non-native species.[3] Fossilized pollen has shown that loulu forests with an understory of Ka palupalu o Kanaloa (Kanaloa kahoolawensis) and Шаблон:OkinaaШаблон:OkinaaliШаблон:Okinai (Dodonaea viscosa) existed on the islands' leeward lowlands[4] from at least before 1210 B.C. until 1565 A.D. Populations of loulu and Шаблон:OkinaaШаблон:OkinaaliШаблон:Okinai remain in diminished form, while only two Ka palupalu o Kanaloa specimens have ever been seen in the wild.[5]
Maui
The Auwahi Dryland Forest Restoration Project recreated a substantial forest with exclusively native species from invasive Kukui grasses on the slopes of Haleakala on the island of Maui.[6]
See also
- Oceanian realm
- Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests
- Hawaiian tropical rainforests
- Hawaiian tropical low shrublands
- Hawaiian tropical high shrublands
- List of ecoregions in the United States (WWF)
References
External links
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокWWFне указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:NatGeo ecoregion
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
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