Английская Википедия:Haydock Collieries
Шаблон:Coord Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Use dmy dates
Haydock Collieries were collieries situated in and around Haydock on the Lancashire Coalfield which is now in Merseyside, England. The company which operated the collieries was Richard Evans & Co Ltd.
Background
The shallow coal measures in the area had been worked from at least the 18th century when the major landowners were the Leghs of Lyme.Шаблон:Sfn Around 1830, the collieries were run by Thomas Legh and William Turner and had a horse-drawn tramway connection to the Sankey Canal.Шаблон:Sfn Richard Evans (1778–1864), a printer from Paternoster Row in London, bought a share in Edge Green Colliery in Golborne in 1830. An explosion in May 1831 killed up to twelve workers and the following May another explosion killed another six.Шаблон:Sfn In 1831 the collieries were connected to the growing railway network by a branch line to the Warrington and Newton Railway at Newton Junction.Шаблон:Sfn Evans bought Legh's share off Turner and Legh's business, which then took the title Turner & Evans. When Turner died, in 1847, Evans acquired his share and the firm took the title Richard Evans & Sons.Шаблон:Sfn The company remained in Evans' family ownership until 1889 when it became a public limited company which it remained until the formation of the National Coal Board in 1947.Шаблон:Sfn
The collieries had access to considerable coal reserves but the workings were subject to flooding. Ram Pit, sunk in 1901, never went into production because of flooding. Some collieries were connected underground to rationalise winding operations and facilitate ventilation.Шаблон:Sfn In 1890 eight collieries were working.Шаблон:Sfn
Four of the company's collieries survived to become part of the National Coal Board (NCB) in 1947. They were Golborne, Lyme Pits, Wood Pit and Old Boston employing a total of 3,195 underground and 557 surface workers.[1][2] The NCB's St.Helens Area Central Workshops were at Haydock until 1963.Шаблон:Sfn
Evans family
Richard Evans (1778–1864) married Mary, daughter of Thomas Smith of Portsmouth, on 11 June 1810. They had eight children, Richard (1811–1887), Anne (1812–1883), Mary (1814-1895) Joseph (1817–1889), Ruth (1819–1896), Josiah (1820–1873) and Henry (1823–1878). Emma (1825- )Joseph and Josiah followed their father into the business.Шаблон:Sfn
Collieries
The company owned several collieries in and around Haydock. Among them were:
Bryn Bryn Pit opened around 1870 and lasted until 1919.Шаблон:Sfn
Downall Green Downall Green commenced winding in 1860 and lasted for 25 years.Шаблон:Sfn
Edge Green Pit opened before 1830 and finished winding coal in 1920.Шаблон:Sfn
Engine Engine Pit began winding in 1853 and finished in 1854.Шаблон:Sfn
Golborne Colliery Golborne Colliery was started by Edward Johnson in 1878Шаблон:Sfn and bought by Evans and Company in 1880. It was still working 100 years later.Шаблон:Sfn In 1975 nearly 1000 men worked at the pit taking coal from the Crombouke, Lower Florida and Ince Six Feet mines.Шаблон:Sfn
Haydock Colliery After the colliery closed, its workshops became the NCB Workshops. Its single-cylinder beam engine, used to drive the machinery until 1954, has been preserved.Шаблон:Sfn
King Pit King Pit opened in 1891.Шаблон:Sfn It was connected underground to the Princess, Queen and Legh Pits.Шаблон:Sfn
Legh The Legh Pit opened in 1855 and closed in 1911.Шаблон:Sfn
Lyme Pit Shaft sinking started at Lyme Pit in 1876 but was abandoned because the ingress of water could not be overcome by the technology of the time. Work recommenced in 1912 but was interrupted by the onset of the First World War. Work resumed in 1919 and the first coal was produced in 1922. The colliery had three shafts. The downcast shaft, No 1 was Шаблон:Convert deep and wound coal from the Florida seam. The upcast shaft No 2, wound coal from the Potato Delf and Wigan Four Foot seams and No 3 shaft was used for pumping.[3] The Lyme Pit disaster occurred in February 1930 killing 13 men.[3] In 1964 419 miners and 187 surface workers were employed. The pit closed in March that year.Шаблон:Sfn
New Boston Colliery The colliery was sunk in 1854 and lasted until 1910.Шаблон:Sfn
New Whint New Whint began winding coal in 1853 and finished a year later.Шаблон:Sfn
Newton Colliery Newton Colliery was operational in 1896 and was nationalized in 1947.[1]
North Florida Pit was sunk in 1861 and wound coal until 1870.Шаблон:Sfn
Old Boston The Old Boston Pit began winding coal in 1868 and closed in 1952.Шаблон:Sfn On 29 June 1900, eight workers were killed when pockets of gas were encountered while shaft sinking.Шаблон:Sfn The deepest of its three shafts reached 476 yards. The pit closed after an underground fire in 1952. From 1953 until 1989 the pit-head buildings were used as the Area Training Centre for miners.Шаблон:Sfn
Old Fold Old Fold commenced winding coal in 1850 and closed in 1864.Шаблон:Sfn
Old Whint Old Whint began winding coal in 1853 and closed the same year.Шаблон:Sfn
Parr Colliery Nos 1 and 2 shafts were sunk in 1871 and wound coal until 1926. Nos 3 and 4 shafts were sunk in 1893 and finished winding coal in 1931.Шаблон:Sfn No 3 shaft was possibly the Havannah Pit which opened in 1863 and closed in 1889.Шаблон:Sfn
Pewfall Pit Pewfall Pit opened in 1860 and closed in 1911.Шаблон:Sfn
Princess Pit Princess Pit began winding in 1892 and was worked until 1920.Шаблон:Sfn It was linked underground to the King, Queen and Legh Pits.Шаблон:Sfn
Queen Pit Queen Pit opened before 1849 and closed in 1920.Шаблон:Sfn On 26 December 1868 an explosion killed 26 workers.Шаблон:Sfn It was linked underground to the King, Princess and Legh Pits.Шаблон:Sfn
Ram Pit, sunk in 1901, never went into production because of flooding.
Wood Pit Wood Pit was sunk in 1866Шаблон:Sfn An explosion on 7 June 1878 killed 189 men and boys.Шаблон:Sfn It closed in 1971.Шаблон:Sfn
Haydock Foundry
Haydock Foundry produced six 0-6-0 well tank steam locomotives, designed by Josiah Evans, for the collieries. They had outside Gooch valve gear and piston valves, a very early use of piston valves. They were named Amazon (built 1868), Hercules (1869), Makerfield (1874), Bellerophon (1874), Parr (1886) and Golborne (1887). Bellerophon is preserved at the Foxfield Railway.[4] The locomotives were broadly similar but had some detail differences. The first two had valves driven by rocking levers. The last four had direct drive to the valves. Working pressure was initially 120 psi but was later raised to 140 psi and then 160 psi. There is some uncertainty about the dates on which the higher pressures were applied. Josiah Evans died in 1873 and Smallwood attributes the design changes to his assistant, James Forrest.Шаблон:Sfn
1 Preservation
2 Scrapped in 1954
2 Scrapped in 1955
Colliery railways
The collieries were served by railways which linked to the Liverpool and Manchester Railway and the Warrington and Newton Railway. Excepting Edge Green and Golborne Collieries, all Evans' pits were connected by the company's private railway network.Шаблон:Sfn
The earliest locomotives for use on the colliery system were obtained from the Vulcan Foundry and Jones and Potts. Little is known about them other than they were mostly tender locomotives of 0-4-0, 0-4-2 or 2-4-0 wheel arrangement. By 1864, 25 locomotives had been purchased. Later locomotives are listed in the following table.Шаблон:Sfn
| Name | Wheels | Builder | Date | Source | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ashton | Шаблон:Whyte | ? | ? | ex-Hoylake Railway | |
| Tempest | Шаблон:Whyte | Vulcan Foundry | ? | ? | |
| Fire King | Шаблон:Whyte | Vulcan Foundry | ? | ? | |
| Newton (1st) | Шаблон:Whyte | Sharp Stewart | ? | ? | |
| Winsford | ? | ? | ? | ? | |
| Black Diamond | ? | ? | ? | ? | |
| Ant | Шаблон:Whyte | James Cross, St Helens | b.1862 | new | |
| Bee | Шаблон:Whyte | James Cross, St Helens | b.1862 | new | |
| Magnet | Шаблон:Whyte | Fox Walker | b.1864 | second hand | |
| Amazon | Шаблон:Whyte | Haydock Foundry | b.1868 | new | |
| Hercules | Шаблон:Whyte | Haydock Foundry | b.1869 | new | |
| Makerfield | Шаблон:Whyte | Haydock Foundry | b.1874 | new | |
| Bellerophon | Шаблон:Whyte | Haydock Foundry | b.1874 | new | Preserved at the Foxfield Railway |
| Parr | Шаблон:Whyte | Haydock Foundry | b.1886 | new | |
| Golborne | Шаблон:Whyte | Haydock Foundry | b.1887 | new | |
| Garswood | Шаблон:Whyte | Manning Wardle | b.1900 | new | |
| Newton (2nd) | Шаблон:Whyte | Manning Wardle | b.1900 | new | |
| Earlestown | Шаблон:Whyte | Manning Wardle | b.1900 | new | |
| Haydock | Шаблон:Whyte | Robert Stephenson | b.1879 | new | Preserved at the Penrhyn Castle Railway Museum |
| 1600 | Шаблон:Whyte | Longhedge Works | a.1940 | ex-Southern Railway LCDR T class[5] |
- Notes
- Dates: a. = date acquired, b. = date built
Шаблон:Commons category-inline
See also
References
Citations
Bibliography
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