Английская Википедия:Heather Nicholson

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:For Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Infobox person Heather Nicholson is a British animal rights activist.[1]

Nicholson set up Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty (SHAC) to close Huntingdon Life Sciences, a contract animal-testing company. That campaign was unsuccessful and closed in 2014.[1]

In 2009 Nicholson was sentenced to 11 years imprisonment for conspiracy to blackmail in connection with the SHAC campaign. Six other senior SHAC activists, including Avery and Dellemagne, were jailed for the same offences. All were alleged by police to be key figures within the Animal Liberation Front.[2][3]

Activism

Consort, Hill Grove

Nicholson became involved in the animal rights movement when she was 26, after attending a demonstration at Swansea airport to protest against live animal exports.[4] During a similar demonstration at Coventry airport, she met her husband, Greg Avery, also an animal rights activist.[5] She joined Avery to found Consort beagles, a campaign against Consort, a company in Ross-on-Wye that bred beagles for laboratories, which closed 10 months later. Nicholson and Avery co-founded a subsequent campaign, Save the Hill Grove Cats, which saw the closure two years later of Hill Grove Farm near Oxford, which bred laboratory cats.[6]

SHAC

Nicholson and Avery set up SHAC in 1999, along with Natasha Dellemagne,[6] to close Huntingdon Life Sciences (HLS). The company was saved when the British government provided it with banking facilities, after the UK's major banks severed ties with it as a result of the campaign. HLS is Europe's largest contract animal-testing company, testing everything from pesticides to drugs, on behalf of commercial clients, on around 75,000 animals a year, including rats, rabbits, pigs, dogs, and primates.[7][8] HLS was the subject of an undercover investigation by the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection in 1989, which alleged that workers routinely mishandled the animals.[9] Nicholson, Avery, and Dellemagne set up SHAC in November 1999, after People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals obtained undercover footage showed HLS staff punching and shaking beagles in the company's laboratory in Cambridge, England.[10]

The SHAC campaign targeted anyone who worked for or did business with HLS. This could entail protesters standing outside homes, blowing whistles and letting off fireworks throughout the night, spraying graffiti on property, breaking windows, spreading rumours to neighbours that the target was a paedophile, and sending hoax bombs and obscene mail. Threats of violence were signed on behalf of the Animal Liberation Front or Animal Rights Militia.[11][12] The police and courts regarded the SHAC campaign as an example of "urban terrorism".[2] Nicholson described it as "a straightforward battle between good and evil, mercy and money, compassion and cruelty."[13]

Nicholson and Avery divorced in or around 2002, but continued to live and work together. In 2002 Avery married Natasha Dellemagne and the three of them lived for a time together in a rent-free cottage in Woking, Surrey. The cottage was owned by Virginia Jane Steele, also known as Alexander, a wealthy supporter of the animal rights movement.[14][15]

Injunctions, convictions

Nicholson said she had received 50 injunctions in connection with her activism.[6] In 2005 she was given a five-year Anti-Social Behaviour Order (ASBO) instructing her to stay away from animal research laboratories or anyone associated with HLS.[16] In 2006 she was jailed for affray for assaulting a family, including a 75-year-old woman, whose car displayed a sticker supporting fox hunting.[17]

In January 2009, after pleading not guilty at Winchester Crown Court, Nicholson was jailed for 11 years for conspiracy to blackmail during the SHAC campaign. Police obtained evidence to secure the conviction by bugging a 2007 meeting in a cottage in Moorcote, near Hook, Hampshire, attended by Nicholson and six other SHAC activists, as well as hired cars they had used.[11][18][19] The bugging was part of Operation Achilles, a police operation against animal rights activists that led to 32 arrests in May 2007, carried out by 700 officers in England, Amsterdam and Belgium.[20] Nicholson gave herself up to police when she heard about the raids; she was arrested and denied bail.[18]

The court heard that Nicholson was among seven people who had made false paedophile accusations, caused criminal damage and used bomb hoaxes to intimidate companies associated with HLS.[4] Two hundred and seventy companies severed ties to HLS as a result of the campaign. Avery and Dellemagne were jailed for nine years, and four other activists received sentences of between four and eight years.[2] Nicholson was also served with an ASBO, restricting future contact with companies targeted in the campaign.[21]

See also

Notes

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Шаблон:Animal rights

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Peachey, Paul (23 August 2014). "Animal rights group ends 15-year campaign against experiments at Huntingdon", The Independent.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Шаблон:Cite news
  3. ↑ Laville, Sandra (24 December 2008). "Animal rights extremists still targeting lab", The Guardian.
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Turner, Robin (22 January 2009). "Welsh animal rights activist jailed for 11 years", Western Mail.
  5. ↑ Vaughan, Claudette (June 2006). SHAC UK: The Heather Nicholson Interview Шаблон:Webarchive, Abolitionist-Online.
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 Yeoman, Fran (23 December 2008). "Businessman received bomb threats and paedophile claims from animal rights extremists", The Times.
  7. ↑ Southern Poverty Law Group (Fall 2002). "From push to shove" Шаблон:Webarchive, Intelligence Report.
  8. ↑ Townsend, Mark (20 April 2003). "Exposed: secrets of the animal organ lab" Шаблон:Webarchive, The Observer.
  9. ↑ "Head-to-head: Animal testing", BBC News, 18 January 2001.
  10. ↑ Channel 4 (1997). "It's a Dog's Life", Countryside Undercover, Channel Four Television (UK).
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 Yeoman, Fran (7 October 2008). "Animal rights activists organised 'six-year terror campaign'", The Times, 7 October 2008.
  12. ↑ Yeoman, Fran (23 December 2008). Businessman received bomb threats and paedophile claims from animal rights extremists, The Times.
  13. ↑ Nicholson, Heather (2007). Letter from Nicholson while on remand, retrieved 1 February 2010.
  14. ↑ Doward, Jamie (11 April 2004). "Sex and violence allegations split animal rights campaign", The Guardian.
  15. ↑ Doward, Jamie; Townsend, Mark (1 August 2004). "Beauty and the beasts", The Observer.
  16. ↑ "Demonstrating Respect for Rights?: A Human Rights Approach to Policing Protest," Seventh Report of Session 2008-09: Vol 2 Oral and Written Evidence, House of Lords Paper Session 2008-09, The Stationery Office, 2009, 162.
  17. ↑ Murray-West, Rosie (4 July 2006)."Animal activists threatened family with pro-hunt car sticker", The Daily Telegraph.
  18. ↑ 18,0 18,1 Turner, Robin (25 January 2009). Jailed animal activist speaks from behind bars, Wales on Sunday.
  19. ↑ "Police bugged animal rights group", BBC News, 7 October 2008.
  20. ↑ Avers, Marco (19 November 2007). "Resisting the Animal Avengers", Spiegel Online International, 2.
  21. ↑ Bowcott, Owen (21 January 2009). "Court jails Huntingdon animal test lab blackmailers", The Guardian.
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