Английская Википедия:Heckler & Koch G36

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Use dmy datesШаблон:Use British EnglishШаблон:Short descriptionШаблон:CopyeditШаблон:MoreciteШаблон:Infobox weapon

The Heckler & Koch G36 (Gewehr 36) is an assault rifle designed in the early 1990s by German weapons manufacturer Heckler & Koch. It is chambered in 5.56×45mm NATO, and replaced the heavier G3 battle rifle chambered in 7.62×51mm.[1] The G36 was accepted into service with the Шаблон:Lang in 1997.[2] Since then, it has been a popular export, and has seen active service in military and police units in several countries, including Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom. The G36 is gas-operated and feeds from a 30-round detachable box magazine or 100-round C-Mag drum magazine.[1]

In 2012, the G36 was found to suffer from significant accuracy issues due to thermal expansion of the barrel, prompting a search for a replacement.[3] In 2017, the Шаблон:Lang launched the System Sturmgewehr Bundeswehr, a program designed to field a replacement for the G36. The weapons put forth were the Heckler & Koch HK416, Heckler & Koch HK433, and the Haenel MK 556. The G95A1 and G95KA1, both variants of the HK416, were selected in 2022.

History

Development

Work on a successor for the venerable G3 rifle had been ongoing in Germany since the late 1970s. These efforts resulted in the innovative 4.73mm G11 assault rifle (developed jointly by a group of companies led by Heckler & Koch) that used caseless ammunition (designed by the Dynamit Nobel company). This weapon was intended to replace the G3, therefore further development of Heckler & Koch's series of firearms chambered for the 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge had been halted. Heckler & Koch, having no incentive to pursue a new 5.56mm weapon system, was content with the export-oriented HK33 and G41 rifles. However, the G11 program came to an abrupt end when the Шаблон:Lang cancelled its procurement due to defence budget cuts resulting from the unification of East and West Germany, and Heckler & Koch's 1991 acquisition by British Aerospace's Royal Ordnance division (known today as BAE Systems).

Increasing demand for a modern service rifle chambered in the NATO-standard 5.56mm cartridge led Heckler & Koch to offer the German armed forces the G41 rifle, which, too, was rejected. Design work was initiated on a completely novel, modern 5.56mm assault rifle; it would later be designated Project 50 or HK50.[2] During testing, prototypes were rated higher than the Austrian competition (the Steyr AUG system).[2] The final version of the G36 was completed in 1995, and production began in 1996. The G36C was first adopted as the standard-issue rifle of US special forces unit TF23.Шаблон:When

Production

The HK50 rifle was selected for service and an initial order was placed for 33,000 rifles under the Шаблон:Lang designation Gewehr G36. The order included an option for a further 17,000 rifles. Deliveries were first made to the Шаблон:LangШаблон:'s NATO Quick Reaction Force during quarter four of 1997. The G36's production line was started in early 1996.

In July 1998, it was announced that the G36 had been selected as the service rifle for the Spanish Armed Forces, replacing the Spanish-designed 5.56mm CETME Model L and LC rifles.[4] Deliveries started at the end of 1999. From 1999 to 2005, 75,219 rifles were manufactured in Spain under license by General Dynamics' Santa Bárbara Sistemas at the Fábrica de Armas de La Coruña (FACOR) facility in Coruña, Galicia.

The rifle has been licensed for local production in Saudi Arabia by the Military Industries Corporation (MIC).[5][6] Technology transfer was granted by Germany to Saudi Arabia on 30 June 2008.[7][8] The first Saudi-made G36 was produced at MIC's factory on 30 June 2009.[8] However, some components of their own G36s are supplied by Heckler & Koch.[7]

Replacement

In April 2012, reports surfaced that G36 rifles used in Afghanistan would overheat during prolonged firefights after several hundred rounds were fired. Overheating affected the accuracy of the G36, making it difficult to hit targets past 100 metres, ineffective past 200 metres, and incapable of effective fire past 300 metres. The G36 has been called unsuitable for long battles. Operational commanders advised allowing the weapon to cool between periods of rapid shooting.[9][10][11]

In February 2014, the German Federal Ministry of Defence announced that the overheating deficiencies of the G36 were not a result of weapon design, but of the ammunition. A report by the Шаблон:Lang on 21 February 2014 revealed that the issues were not the fault of the rifle, but that one manufacturer of ammunition was making bullets with copper-plated jackets that were too thin.[12][13]Шаблон:Better source needed The manufacturer of the ammunition confirmed this,[14] although experts disagreed, and also said the accuracy problems were already known to the defence ministry by 2010.[15]

On 22 June 2014, it was reported that Germany's defense ministry had temporarily halted new orders worth €34 million ($Шаблон:To USD million) over accuracy concerns for the rifle. The Шаблон:Lang consulted the Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics (Ernst Mach Institut) and the Federal Criminal Police Office.[16] On 30 March 2015, Minister of Defence Ursula von der Leyen told Associated Press that the weight-saving design was the root of the issues.[17] This was based on a letter from Inspector General Volker Wieker advising the Stewards of Defence and Budget Committee of the Bundestag and the troops in advance of publication of the report.[18][19] The report was released by the Fraunhofer Ernst Mach Institut and Wehrtechnische Dienststelle 91 on 19 April 2015. According to their 372-page report, the observed hit rate of the predominantly plastic weapon with the unsupported free-floating barrel drops down to a mere 7% at 100 metres when the temperature increases by Шаблон:Convert or more, whereas the Шаблон:Lang required a hit rate of 90% at that distance.[20][21]

On 22 April 2015, von der Leyen announced that the G36 would be phased out of the German army due to these concerns and stated that "The Heckler & Koch G36 has no future in the German army in its current state of construction."[22] Von der Leyen considered the weapon to be useless[23] and stated that the German military would stop using an assault rifle that could not shoot straight when temperatures increased or the rifle heated up during a firefight.[24]

In 2016, the Ministry of Defence attempted to sue Heckler & Koch, saying they were legally obligated to repair the subpar G36 rifles. Because the Шаблон:Lang did not make its specifications for the weapon clear enough in the beginning of the procurement process,[25][3] the District Court of Koblenz rejected claims from the Шаблон:Lang procurement office, and ruled that Heckler & Koch did not have to pay damages on the 167,000 rifles still in use out of more than 176,000 G36 rifles Germany had originally purchased.[26]

The Шаблон:Lang began the System Sturmgewehr Bundeswehr (Bundeswehr Assault Rifle System) effort to replace the G36 in 2017. Initially, C.G. Haenel won the competition in September 2020 offering their Haenel MK 556. However, German authorities cancelled the contract the next month amid allegations that the MK 556 infringed on Heckler and Koch patents, and the G95A1 (known as the HK416 A8 during field testing) was selected in early 2021. Haenel sued to attempt to reverse the decision, but a German court dismissed the lawsuit in June 2022. In December 2022, the Bundestag approved initial funding to begin procuring the rifles. The Шаблон:Lang expected to purchase 118,718 rifles, designated G95A1 (with a Шаблон:Convert barrel) and G95KA1 (with a shorter Шаблон:Convert barrel). Fielding is planned to start in 2024.[27][28]

Design details

The G36 is chambered in 5.56×45mm NATO and fires from a closed rotary bolt. The rifle body has a conventional layout and a modular component design. While modifications can vary, all G36 variants share an identical receiver, buttstock assembly, bolt carrier group, return mechanism, and guide rod. The receiver contains the barrel, carry handle with integrated sights, trigger group with pistol grip, handguard and magazine socket.

The G36 employs a free-floating barrel, meaning the barrel does not make contact with the handguard. The barrel is fastened to the receiver with a special nut, which can be removed with a wrench. The barrel is forged using a cold hammer process. It features a chrome-lined bore with 6 right-hand grooves and a 1 in 178 mm (1:7 in) rifling twist rate. The barrel features a collar and lug permitting attachment of a bayonet; it can also be used to attach rifle grenades and a flash suppressor.Шаблон:Citation needed

Features

Fire selector

The fire and safety selector is ambidextrous and has controls on both sides of the receiver; this feature is inherited from the design of the original G3. Selector settings are described with letters: "S"—safe ("Sicher"), "E"—semi-automatic fire ("Einzelfeuer") and "F"—automatic fire ("Feuerstoß").[2] The three-position fire selector has a 0°/45°/90° rotation pattern between the settings. HK offers several other trigger options, including the "Navy" trigger group with illustrated pictograms for each setting. An exclusively semi-automatic trigger is also available.

Magazine

The G36 uses a proprietary 30-round magazine moulded with translucent shock-resistant plastic. The sides have interlocking studs that allow the magazines to be attached jungle-style.

An empty G36 magazine weighs Шаблон:Convert, while a fully loaded magazine weighs Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Cn

While STANAG magazines are not normally compatible with the G36, adapters and modifications exist that enable cross-compatibility.Шаблон:Cn Certain types of Beta C-Mags, which hold 100 rounds, can also be used with the stock G36, and are employed by the MG36 variant.

Stock

The G36 features a folding stock, which can shorten the overall length of the weapon for close-quarters combat. The stock also incorporates holes in which assembly pins can be stored during weapon cleaning and maintenance.[2]

Material

The G36 employs a number of lightweight, corrosion-resistant synthetic materials in its design. The receiver housing, stock, trigger group (including the fire control selector and firing mechanism), magazine well, handguard and carry handle are all made of a carbon fibre-reinforced polyamide. The receiver has an integrated steel barrel trunnion (with locking recesses) and a nylon 66-based, steel-reenforced receiver.[29]

Sights

Шаблон:Multiple image

The standard German Army versions of the G36 are equipped with a ZF 3×4° dual optical sight, which includes a 3× magnified telescopic sight and an unmagnified reflex sight mounted slightly higher.[2] The reflex sight is illuminated by ambient light during the day and uses battery-powered illumination for use at night. Electric illumination is activated automatically by a built-in photoresistor and can be manually activated to boost the brightness of the reticle in low contrast situations.[30] The main reticle is sighted in at Шаблон:Convert and includes crosshairs and a range-finding scale. It also features bullet drop compensation markings for Шаблон:Convert.

Export versions have a single telescopic sight with 1.5× magnification and a fixed Шаблон:Convert reticle. All rifles are adapted to use the Hensoldt NSA 80 third-generation night sight, which clamps into the G36 carry handle adaptor in front of the optical sight housing and mates with the rifle's standard optical sight.[31] The sighting bridge also functions as a carrying handle and features auxiliary open sights moulded on top of the handle that consist of a forward blade and rear notch, but these can only be used with the reflex sight removed, as in the G36V. The optical sight system is produced by Hensoldt AG (a subsidiary of Carl Zeiss AG).

Operating mechanism

Файл:PISTONM16.gif
Short-stroke gas piston

The G36 uses a short-stroke piston system[2] from which HK later developed the HK-416's impingement system. Unlike direct impingement, the system uses gas trailing the bullet to operate the piston instead of pushing directly on the bolt. The G36's bolt is operated by a cam that guides the bolt carrier by its respective cut-out. Then, when fully pushed forward, 7 radial locking lugs fully enclose the chamber.

The design includes several features that are commonplace in modern military firearms. The bolt locks back after the last round is spent, although this can be deactivated using the bolt catch button on front end of the trigger guard. The charging handle folds and unfolds automatically via a spring when firing; the handle can also be operated from either side of the firearm.[32][33] The handle also doubles as a forward assist in the event of a failure to feed. The ejection port has a brass deflector that helps left-handed users avoid being struck by casings. The bolt also acts as a dust cover.

Accessories

The rifle can be fitted with a 40mm AG36 (AG—Anbau-Granatwerfer) under-barrel grenade launcher, which loads via a side-tilting break action.

Standard equipment supplied with the G36 includes: spare magazines, a cleaning and maintenance kit, sling, speedloader and sometimes modified AKM type II blade bayonets (many of which are left over in Germany from stocks of the former National People's Army).Шаблон:Citation needed

Variants

Файл:H&K G36 Variants.jpg
G36 variants from top to bottom: G36C, G36K, G36V (G36E), G36, MG36 and SL8

G36

Introduced in 1996, the G36 is chambered in 5.56×45mm NATO. It features a Шаблон:Convert barrel.

The G36V (V—Variante "variant") is the export variant of the G36, previously known as the G36E (E—Export). The G36V features an altered sight setup and bayonet mount. It is fitted with a 1.5x or 3x sight and lacks the integrated reflector sight. It features a standard NATO bayonet mount. The G36V was first produced for the Spanish and Latvian National Armed Forces.

The G36A2 is an upgraded variant of the G36 also in service with in the German Army. It is equipped with a quick-release Zeiss RSA reflex red dot sight[34] mounted on a Picatinny rail, replacing the original red dot sight. The G36A2 includes the shorter G36C stock, a new handguard made of aluminium (permitting better heat dissipation during sustained fire), an optional four Picatinny rails, and a vertical foregrip with an integrated switch for the LLM01 laser light module.[35] Throughout its service life, it has received further modernisation upgrades, designated as the G36A3 and G36A4.

Some G36A1 rifles were given the same modernisation upgrades as the G36A3 while reusing the original, cheaper A1 receiver. These variants are known as the G36A1.1.

G36K

Файл:G36 KA.jpg
A modernized G36K
Файл:Lithuanian soldiers during combat training with G36KA4M1.jpg
Lithuanian soldiers during combat training exercise with a G36KA4M1

Introduced in 1997, the G36K (K—kurz "short") is a carbine variant with a shorter barrel, an open-type flash suppressor, a shorter forend, and a bottom rail. The carbine's barrel lacks the ability to launch rifle grenades and does not support a bayonet. The weapon retains compatibility with the AG36 grenade launcher. G36Ks in service with German special forces are issued with a 100-round C-Mag drum. The G36K has multiple slight variations. One includes a x3 scope/carry handle attached to the top, while the second only includes iron sights and a rail.

The G36KV (formerly G36KE) is the export variant of the G36K, using the sights on the G36V.

The G36KA4 is a modernised variant of the G36K made for German special forces. It adds the proprietary HKey mod system to the handguard, a heavier barrel, and a carry handle with a MIL-STD-1913 Picatinny rail. The stock was also replaced with an IdZ adjustable stock for better handling while using body armour.

G36C

Introduced in 2001, the G36C (C="Compact") is a compact variant and a further development of the G36K. It has a shorter barrel than the G36K and either a four-prong open-type flash hider or a birdcage type flash hider. The extremely short barrel forced designers to move the gas block closer to the muzzle end and reduce the length of the gas piston operating rod. The handguard and stock were also shortened, and it includes the carrying handle from the G36KA4 The dual optical sight found on the standard G36 and G36K models was replaced with a set of rail-mounted detachable iron sights that consist of a semi-shrouded front post and a flip-up rear sight with two apertures of different diameter. The short handguard has four accessory attachment points, one of which could be used for a vertical grip. The G36C was developed and produced in January 2001.

MG36

The MG36 (MG—Maschinengewehr "machine gun") is an automatic rifle variant of the G36 equipped with a heavier barrel for increased thermal performance and cook-off resistance.[2] The MG36 and MG36E (E—Export) are no longer offered by Heckler & Koch.

Sporting and civilian variants

Heckler & Koch also created the semi-automatic SL8 rifle and the straight-pull, bolt-action R8, which are offered to the civilian sport shooting markets, both are loosely based on the G36. The SL8 is substantially different from the G36, it has a modified receiver and a thumbhole stock with a cheek rest, which is integral with the trigger group. The SL8 has a heavy profile, extended, Шаблон:Convert barrel that does not have a flash hider or bayonet lug. The rifle uses a 10-round single-stack magazine and an extended top rail used to mount a wide variety of Picatinny-standard optics. Mounted to the rail are a set of iron sights with a hooded foresight and adjustable flip rear aperture. The SL8 can also mount the G36 carry handle and integrated sight assembly, after removing the mechanical iron sights. The SL8 has an unloaded weight of Шаблон:Convert, overall length of Шаблон:Convert and a trigger rated at Шаблон:Convert.

In November 2013, Heckler & Koch applied for permission from the German Government to sell a new civilian-legal version of the G36. Known as the HK243 in Europe and the HK293 in America, it is more similar to the G36 assault rifle than previous civilian models. The main difference is the bolt is redesigned not to allow a conversion to fully automatic fire. It has quad picatinny rails and accepts STANAG magazines. Four different barrel lengths from Шаблон:Convert to Шаблон:Convert and four stock models (short fixed, long fixed and two adjustable) will be offered.[36]

In November 2020, semi-automatic only G36 rifles became available for sale on the civilian market in Canada. They were sold with match grade barrels by Lothar Walther for CAD $5,999, or with a Heckler & Koch barrel for CAD $7,998.[37][38]

Steyr G62

In May 2021, Steyr Arms introduced the G62 upgrade for G36 rifles. According to Steyr, the components of this upgrade kit (metal receiver, barrel and magazine well) can be mounted independently on existing G36 arms without any modifications.[39] German media speculated this might be a relatively inexpensive way to extend the service life of the G36 in the Шаблон:Lang pending the outcome of legal procedures regarding a new system assault rifle tender for the Шаблон:Lang.[40]

Gallery

Users

Файл:Heckler & Koch G36 Users.png
Map with Heckler & Koch G36 users in blue
Country Organization name Model Quantity Date Reference
Шаблон:ALG Special Intervention Detachment, Directorate of Security and Presidential Protection, Algerian Special Forces _ _ [41]
Шаблон:Flag Australian Federal Police Specialist Response Group _ _ [42][43]
Шаблон:Flag Antwerp local police special squad BBT (Bijzondere Bijstandsteam) _ _ _ [44]
Шаблон:Flag Brazilian Federal Police G36K, G36C _ _ [45]
Шаблон:Flag Victoria Police Department Шаблон:Align ~100 2004 [46]
Шаблон:Flag Croatian peacekeepers Шаблон:Align [47]
Croatian police special units _ 300 2004 [48][49]
Croatian Armed Forces contingents in international operations _ 550 2007
Шаблон:Flag Police of the Czech republic:
* URNA – Nationwide paramilitary SWAT unit
* KZJ – Regional SWAT units
* SPJ – Special riot units
* PMJ – Emergency motorized units 		G36C, G36K _ _ [50]
Шаблон:Flag Politiets Aktionsstyrke G36C _ _ [51][52]
Шаблон:Flag Policia Nacional de Timor-Leste G36K _ _ [53]
Шаблон:Flag Used by special forces and police,
Some later to Libyan Jamahiriya, see below 		_ 608+ 2003 [54]
Шаблон:Flag Estonian Special Operations Force G36K _ _ [55][56]
Шаблон:Flag Finnish Border Guard G36C _ _ [57]
Finnish Police _ _
Шаблон:Flag French Army G36E _ _ [58]
RAID, GIGN G36C _ _ [59][60]
Brigade Anti-criminalité (BAC), SDLP, CRS. G36C, G36K 204 2016 [61][62][63]
Шаблон:Flag Standard service rifle of the Bundeswehr. It will be replaced by the G95A1 and G95KA1 in 2022.Шаблон:Needs update G36A1, G36A2
G36K, G36C 		181,773 delivered, 166,619 in use _ [64][65][66][67][68]
Used by the GSG9, PSA BPOL and BFE+ sections of the German Bundespolizei _ _ _ [69][70][71]
Used by Missions Abroad and Special Operations unit of the Bundeskriminalamt _ _ _ [72]
Шаблон:Flag Police special forces: Central Anti Crime Division, Special Crisis Unit, Special Operations Department, Coast Guard Anti piracy Unit G36K/C/E/A _ _ [73]
Шаблон:Flag Special Duties Unit of the Hong Kong Police Force G36KV _ 2001 [74]
Шаблон:Full citation needed
Шаблон:Better source needed
Шаблон:Flag National Police of Iceland and its special forces unit Víkingasveitin _ _ _ [75]Шаблон:Verify source
Шаблон:Flag Komando Pasukan Khusus (Kopassus) special forces group of the Indonesian Army G36C _ _ [76]
Detasemen Jala Mangkara (Denjaka) tactical diver group of the Indonesian Navy G36V, G36C _ _ [77]
Шаблон:Flag NOCS team of the Italian Police G36C _ _ [78]
Шаблон:Flag Jordanian special forces 71st Special Battalion G36C _ _ [79][80]
Шаблон:Flag Kosovo Security Force G36V 3500 2010 [81][82]
Шаблон:Flag Peshmerga G36C 16,000 2014 [83][84]
Шаблон:Flag Latvian Army, National Guard, State Border Guard G36V, G36KV _ 2006 [85][86][87]
Шаблон:Flag Lebanese Armed Forces, Internal Security Forces G36C3 250 2008 [88]
Шаблон:Flag
Шаблон:Flag (Anti-Gaddafi forces) 		Unclear (unit based in Tripoli; special forces/Khamis Brigade?). Weapons are from a batch legally sold to Egypt in 2003. G36KV, G36E "numerous"
Probably <600 		2003–2005? [54][89][90]
[91][92]
Tripoli Brigade (looted from Bab al-Azizia arms store) 2011 [89]

[93]

Шаблон:Flag Lithuanian Armed Forces G36KA4, G36KV1
G36C, G36KA4M1 		_ 2017 (G36KA4M1) [94][95][96][97]
Шаблон:Flag Pasukan Khas Laut (PASKAL) Maritime Counter-Terrorism Forces of the Royal Malaysian Navy G36C, G36E
G36KE 		_ 2006 [98][99][100][101]
Pasukan Gerakan Khas (PGK) Counter-Revolutionary Warfare of the Royal Malaysia Police G36C _ _ [98]
Шаблон:Flag Various Mexican law enforcement agencies use the G36, namely the Mexican Federal Police and many state and city police forces G36 Family _ _ [102]
Шаблон:Flag Mongolian Armed Forces _ _ _ [103]
Шаблон:Flag Military of Montenegro G36, G36C, G36K 655 as of 2015 [104][105]
Protivteroristička Jedinica Policije (Counter-Terrorist Police Unit) (PTJ) G36C, G36K _ _ [106]
Posebna Jedinica Policije (Special Police Unit) (PJP) G36C, G36K _ _ [107]
Шаблон:Flag Norwegian Navy Kystjegerkommandoen G36KV2 _ 2001–2007 [85]
Шаблон:Flag Armed Forces of the Philippines

Presidential Security Group

G36K, G36C _ _ [108]
Шаблон:Flag BOA/SPAP special units of the Policja G36V, G36K
G36C 		_ _ [109]
Biuro Ochrony Rządu (BOR) Government Protection Bureau G36C _ _ [110]
Jednostka Wojskowa Formoza naval unit of the Polish Special Forces G36KV3, G36C _ 2006 [111]
Шаблон:Flag Portuguese Army (Special Operations Troops Centre) G36KV, G36KV3 _ _ [112]
Portuguese Marines (Special Actions Detachment) _ _ _ [85]
Portuguese Air Force (Polícia Aérea)
Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR) G36C 200 _ [113]
Grupo de Operações Especiais (GOE) of the Polícia de Segurança Pública _ _ _ [114]
Шаблон:Flag Special Operations Forces of the Romanian Armed Forces G36K, G36C _ _ [115][116]
Шаблон:Flag Saudi Arabian Army, Police, Border Guards, Special Forces G36C, G36E
G36KE 		_ _ [117]
Шаблон:Flag 72nd Brigade for Special Operations of the Serbian Armed Forces G36C _ 2010 [118]
Шаблон:Flag Sierra Leone Police force G36K 112+ 2001 [119]
Шаблон:Flag Korea Coast Guard SSAT (Special Sea Attack Team) _ _ 2007 [120]
Шаблон:Flag Spanish Armed Forces

Guardia Civil

G36E, G36KE
G36CE 		75,219 _ [85][121][122]
Unidad de Operaciones Especiales special group of Spanish Navy and Spanish Marines _ _ [123]
Шаблон:Flag National Task Force G36C _ Replaced by LWRC M6 [124]
Piketen _ [124]
Särskilda operationsgruppen G36K, G36C _ [125]
Шаблон:Flag Will soon replace the Galil in use by the Trinidad and Tobago Regiment and become the primary service rifle. G36
Шаблон:Flag Naresuan 261 Counter-Terrorism Unit Special Operations Unit of the Royal Thai Police G36C, G36K
SL8 		_ 2007 [126][127]
Royal Thai Army (RTA) Infantry. G36K, G36KE
G36E, MG36 		_ _ [128]

[129] [130]

Underwater Demolition Assault Unit (UDAU) tactical diver group of the Royal Thai Navy (RTN) G36KV _ 2004 [131][132]
Royal Thai Marine Corps Amphibious Reconnaissance battalion Special operations forces (RECON), RTN G36C _ 2004 [133][134][135][136]
Шаблон:Flag Avon and Somerset Police G36C/G36K/G36E _ _ [137]
Cheshire Constabulary _ _ Шаблон:Citation needed
City of London Police _ _ [138]
Civil Nuclear Constabulary _ _ [138]
Greater Manchester Police _ _ [138]
Humberside Police _ _
Kent Police _ _
Lancashire Constabulary _ _ [138]
Norfolk Constabulary _ _
Northumbria Police _ _
Nottinghamshire Police _ _
Police Scotland _ _ [139]
Police Service of Northern Ireland _ _ [138]
Specialist Firearms Command, Metropolitan Police Service _ _ _ [140]
South Wales Police
West Yorkshire Police _ _ Until 2017
Special Air Service
Шаблон:Flag Baltimore City Police Department _ _ _ [141]
Cobb County Police Department G36K _ 2000 [142]
Шаблон:Flag United Nations Department for Safety and Security G36V, G36KV
G36CV, MG36 		_ _ _
Department of Peacekeeping Operations _ _ [143]Шаблон:Failed verification

Conflicts

1990s

2000s

2010s

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

External links

Шаблон:HK firearms Шаблон:Current German infantry weapons

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 Woźniak, Ryszard (2001). Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnej – tom 2 G-Ł. Bellona, pp. 17-21.
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Deutsches Sturmgewehr versagt bei langem Gefecht. Welt.de, 1 April 2012.
  10. ↑ Deutsches Sturmgewehr für langen Kampf untauglich. Welt.de, 25 April 2012.
  11. ↑ Heckler & Koch Responds to Allegation that the G36 Rifle is Unfit for Service Шаблон:Webarchive Guns.com, 9 May 2012.
  12. ↑ H&K G36 Rifle Not Faulty: Bad Ammunition Caused Poor Accuracy - TheFirearmBlog.com, 30 June 2014
  13. ↑ HECKLER & KOCH G36 Wärmeproblematik geklärt Шаблон:Webarchive Magazines CALIBER 4/14 and VISIER
  14. ↑ Sturmgewehr G36: Mangel-Munition soll Probleme verursacht haben. Spiegel.de, 17 February 2014.
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  27. ↑ HK416 Finally Looks Set To Become Germany's Next Service Rifle. The Drive/The War Zone. 16 December 2022.
  28. ↑ Meet the G95A1 & G95KA1 – the German Army's New Rifles. The Firearm Blog. 20 December 2022.
  29. ↑ US5513461A - Light-weight automatic rifle. Google.com. Retrieved 2015-7-15.
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  31. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  32. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  33. ↑ Шаблон:Cite patent
  34. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  35. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  36. ↑ Heckler & Koch HK243 and HK293 (Civilian G36) - Thefirearmblog.com, 25 November 2013
  37. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  38. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  39. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  40. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  41. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  42. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  43. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  44. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  45. ↑ Folha de S.Paulo. Retrieved June 23rd, 2007
  46. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  47. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  48. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  49. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  50. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  51. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  52. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  53. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  54. ↑ 54,0 54,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  55. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  56. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  57. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  58. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  59. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  60. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  61. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  62. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  63. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  64. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  65. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  66. ↑ Gewehr G 36. Bundeswehr.
  67. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  68. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  69. ↑ Weisswange, Jan-Phillip (2009). ASSIK. Der Arbeitsstab Schutzaufgaben der Bundespolizei. In: Strategie & Technik. Jg. 52, Nr. 5, Mai 2009. ISSN 1860-5311, S. 73–74.
  70. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  71. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  72. ↑ Sören Sünkler (2019). ASE SG BKA, Auslands- und Spezialeinsätze Sicherungsgruppe Bundeskriminalamt. In: Kommando-International Special Operations Magazine, Nr. 2/2019 ISSN 2196-1204, S. 4-23
  73. ↑ 73,0 73,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  74. ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Cbignore
  75. ↑ "Með Glock 17 og MP5". Fréttatíminn. 23. 09. 2011. p. 12-14.
  76. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  77. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  78. ↑ Italian Ministry of Interior – Decree n° 559/A/1/ORG/DIP.GP/14 of March 6, 2009, concerning weapons and equipment in use with the Italian National Police – in Italian Шаблон:Webarchive Retrieved on August 25, 2010.
  79. ↑ Shea, Dan (Spring 2009). "SOFEX 2008". Small Arms Defense Journal, p. 29.
  80. ↑ Tactical Weapons January 2011 Issue, Page 94.
  81. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  82. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  83. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  84. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  85. ↑ 85,0 85,1 85,2 85,3 Шаблон:Cite web
  86. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  87. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  88. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazineШаблон:Page needed
  89. ↑ 89,0 89,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  90. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  91. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  92. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  93. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  94. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  95. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  96. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  97. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  98. ↑ 98,0 98,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  99. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  100. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  101. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  102. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  103. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  104. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  105. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  106. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  107. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  108. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  109. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  110. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  111. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  112. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  113. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  114. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  115. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  116. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  117. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  118. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  119. ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Self-published source
  120. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  121. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  122. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  123. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  124. ↑ 124,0 124,1 Шаблон:Cite web. Retrieved August 11th, 2011
  125. ↑ [1] . Retrieved August 11th, 2011
  126. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  127. ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Cbignore
  128. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  129. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  130. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  131. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  132. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  133. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  134. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  135. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  136. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  137. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  138. ↑ 138,0 138,1 138,2 138,3 138,4 Jane's Police Review, 4 March 2007
  139. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  140. ↑ Шаблон:Cite newsШаблон:Cbignore
  141. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  142. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  143. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  144. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  145. ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Cbignore
Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:Heckler_%26_Koch_G36&oldid=15178954