Английская Википедия:Heimatfilm
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:IPA-de, German for "homeland-films"; German singular: Шаблон:Lang) were films of a genre popular in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria from the late 1940s to the early 1960s. Heimat can be translated as "home" (in the geographic sense), "hometown" or "homeland".
History
The genre came to life after the devastation of Germany in World War II, and remained popular from the late 1940s to the early 1960s. The films suggested a whole, romantic world untouched by war and the hazards of real life. The Berlin-based studio Berolina Film was the driving force behind the development of Шаблон:Lang.[1]
In the immediate post-World War II era, the idea of Шаблон:Lang is linked to the experience of loss of more than twelve million Germans, known as Vertriebene, who were displaced from the former eastern territories of Germany in its pre-1938 borders. Contemporary concerns with expulsion and re-integration become manifest in many of the more than three hundred Шаблон:Lang that were produced during the 1950s. This is particularly true for the Шаблон:Lang as Johannes von Moltke shows with respect to the 1951 version of The Heath Is Green (Grün ist die Heide).[2] The Шаблон:Lang made during the chancellorships of Konrad Adenauer and Ludwig Erhard present idyllic images of the countryside. Nevertheless, the post-war genre does deal with questions of modernisation, social change and consumerism; it "affords the positive resolution of contemporary social and ideological concerns about territory and identity".[3]
Criteria
Шаблон:Lang were usually shot in the Alps, the Black Forest, or the Lüneburg Heath, and always involved the outdoors. Their characteristics were their rural settings, sentimental tone and simplistic morality, and they centered on love, friendship, family and non-urban life. They also involved the difference between old and young, tradition and progress, and rural and urban life. The typical plot structure involved both a good and bad guy wanting a girl, conflict ensuing, and the good guy ultimately triumphing to win the girl, making all (except the bad guy) happy.
Legacy
In the late 1960s and the 1970s, young West German film directors associated with New German Cinema set out to challenge many of the cultural assumptions inherent in the Шаблон:Lang. The results are variously labelled "critical Шаблон:Lang", "new Шаблон:Lang", and "anti-Шаблон:Lang". Examples of such films include Volker Schlöndorff's Man on Horseback (1969) and The Sudden Wealth of the Poor People of Kombach (1970); Peter Fleischmann's Hunting Scenes from Bavaria (1969); Volker Vogeler's Jaider, the Lonely Hunter (1971); Reinhard Hauff's Mathias Kneissl (1970); and Uwe Brandner's I Love You, I Kill You (1971).[4] A more recent example of an anti-Шаблон:Lang is Michael Haneke's Oscar-nominated The White Ribbon (2009).
The trilogy of films called Heimat by the German director Edgar Reitz (1984, 1992, and 2004) has been described as "post-Шаблон:Lang" because the director neither sets out to challenge the genre on political or social grounds nor idealizes the past to the extent that earlier Шаблон:Lang did.[5]
References
Notes Шаблон:Reflist
Sources
- Cartmell, Deborah; Whelehan, Imelda. The Cambridge Companion to Literature on Screen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
- Hake, Sabine. German National Cinema. New York: Routledge, 2002.
- Moeller, Hans Bernhard; George L Lellis. Volker Schlondorff's Cinema: Adaptation, Politics, and the "Movie-Appropriate". Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2012.
- Von Moltke, Johannes. No Place Like Home: Locations of Heimat in German Cinema. Berkeley: U of California Press, 2005.
Further reading
- Höfig, Willi. Der deutsche Heimatfilm 1947–1960 (Stuttgart 1973), Шаблон:ISBN
