Английская Википедия:Heinrich Füllgrabe

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox military person Heinrich Füllgrabe (26 July 1916 – 30 January 1945) was a Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. After joining the Luftwaffe in the late 1930s, after his training as a fighter pilot, Füllgrabe was appointed to serve as the Unteroffizier 9./JG 52 in spring 1941. Füllgrabe became a member of one of the most efficient units of the Luftwaffe, Karaya Quartet, where he flew alongside Hermann Graf (212 kills), Alfred Grislawski (133) and Ernst Süß (68). Füllgrabe was killed on 30 January 1945 by Soviet anti-aircraft fire near Brieg in Silesia. During his career he was credited with 67 aerial victories, all of them on the Eastern Front, including five Il-2 Sturmoviks.

Early life and career

Füllgrabe was born on 26 July 1916 in Witzenhausen in Hesse-Nassau, a province of the Kingdom of Prussia within the German Empire.Шаблон:Sfn Füllgrabe joined the military service of the Luftwaffe, initially serving as a mechanic with I. Gruppe (1st group) of Jagdgeschwader 234 (JG 234–234th Fighter Wing), which later became the I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" (JG 26–26th Fighter Wing). He was trained as a fighter pilot at the Jagdfliegerschule, the fighter pilot school at Stolp-Reitz.Шаблон:Refn In June 1940, Füllgrabe was posted to 2. Staffel (2nd squadron) of Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Merseburg, a supplementary training unit based at Merseburg. In Merseburg, he befriended Hermann Graf and Alfred Grislawski, with whom he would later spend much of his combat career.Шаблон:Sfn In early 1941, he was posted to 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing), a squadron of III. Gruppe.Шаблон:Sfn

World War II

Файл:9-JG52-ins.svg

9. Staffel also known as the Karaya-Staffel

World War II in Europe had begun on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. At the time of Füllgrabel's posting to 9. Staffel, the Gruppe was commanded by Major Gotthard Handrick.Шаблон:Sfn The rise of General Ion Antonescu in Romania in 1940 led to a reorganization of his country's armed forces. In this, he was supported by a military mission from Germany, the Luftwaffenmission Rumänien (Luftwaffe Mission Romania) under the command of Generalleutnant (equivalent to major general) Шаблон:Interlanguage link multi.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn III. Gruppe of JG 52 was transferred to Bucharest in mid-October and temporarily renamed I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 28 (JG 28—28th Fighter Wing) until 4 January 1941.Шаблон:Sfn Its primary task was to train Romanian Air Force personnel.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Here, the trio of Füllgrabe, Graf and Grislawski were joined by Ernst Süß, and later by Leopold Steinbatz and Edmund Roßmann.Шаблон:Sfn

War against the Soviet Union

Following its brief deployment in the Balkan Campaign, III. Gruppe was back in Bucharest by mid-June.Шаблон:Sfn There, the unit was again subordinated to the Luftwaffenmission Rumänien and reequipped with the new, more powerful Bf 109F-4 model. On 21 June, the Gruppe was ordered to Mizil in preparation of Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. Its primary objective was to provide fighter protection for the oil fields and refineries at Ploiești.Шаблон:Sfn Prior to the invasion, Handrick was replaced by Major Albert Blumensaat as commander of III. Gruppe. Blumensaat was then replaced by Hauptmann Hubertus von Bonin on 1 October. At the time, von Bonin was still in convalescence so that Hauptmann Franz Höring, the commander of 9. Staffel, was also made the acting Gruppenkommandeur (group commander).Шаблон:Sfn

Füllgrabe received the Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Шаблон:Lang) on 30 March 1942.Шаблон:Sfn On 22 July, the Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) of JG 52, Major Herbert Ihlefeld, was severely injured in a flight accident and had to surrender command during his convalescence. In consequence, Major Gordon Gollob, the commander of Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77—77th Fighter Wing), temporarily took over command of JG 52 as acting Geschwaderkommodore. Шаблон:Sfn On 17 August, Gollob was ordered dispatch one Schwarm, a flight of four aircraft, of every III. Gruppe squadron to the Don-bend. The pilots selected for this mission included Füllgrabe, Graf and Süß.Шаблон:Sfn

Defense of the Reich

In response to political humiliation caused by de Havilland Mosquito bombing raids into Germany, Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring, the commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe, ordered the formation of two specialized high-altitude Luftwaffe units. These units were Jagdgeschwader 25, commanded by Major Herbert Ihlefeld, and Jagdgeschwader 50, commanded by his friend Graf.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn Graf was permitted to choose his personnel and had his friends Füllgrabe, Grislawski and Süß transferred from III. Gruppe of JG 52.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn

In December 1943, he was posted to Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Ost (Supplemantary Fighter Group East) as fighter pilot instructor.Шаблон:Sfn

On 10 January 1944, the United States Army Air Forces targeted the Luther-Werke, at the time a factory of the Messerschmitt Bf 110, Messerschmitt Me 210 and Messerschmitt Me 410, in Braunschweig, and the aircraft repair works in Waggum, a district of Braunschweig. The 3rd Bombardment Division sent 169 bombers, escorted by 466 fighter aircraft. Defending against this attack, Füllgrabe shot down one of the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bombers.Шаблон:Sfn

In late 1944, Füllgrabe and Leutnant Anton Resch were transferred to the Geschwaderstab (headquarters unit) of JG 52. The request was made by Graf who had been appointed Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) of JG 52 in September 1944. At the time, the Geschwaderstab was based at Krakau, present-day Kraków.Шаблон:Sfn Graf appointed him Geschwaderadjutant (adjutant to the wing commander).Шаблон:Sfn Füllgrabe was killed in action on 30 January 1945. Flying Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-14 (Werknummer 511012—factory number), he was shot down by Soviet anti-aircraft artillery Шаблон:Convert northwest of Brieg, present-day Brzeg in southwestern Poland.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to Spick, Füllgrabe was credited with 65 aerial victories claimed in an unknown number combat missions, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front.Шаблон:Sfn The author Obermaier lists him with 67 aerial victories, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front.Шаблон:Sfn Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 63 aerial victory claims, all but one heavy bomber on the Eastern Front.Шаблон:Sfn

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 95514". The Luftwaffe grid map (Шаблон:Lang) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about Шаблон:Convert. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area Шаблон:Convert in size.Шаблон:Sfn

Chronicle of aerial victories
Шаблон:Legend
Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location	Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location
– 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –Шаблон:Sfn Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 5 December 1941
1	10 August 1941	11:10	I-16 Шаблон:Sfn		6	2 October 1941	09:58	I-26 (Yak-1)	Шаблон:Convert northeast of Poltava Шаблон:Sfn
2	25 August 1941	10:48	I-16Шаблон:Sfn		7	14 October 1941	09:58	I-26 (Yak-1)	north of ValkiШаблон:Sfn
3	26 August 1941	10:50	Pe-2 Шаблон:Sfn		8	6 November 1941	07:59	I-61 (MiG-3)Шаблон:Sfn
4	2 September 1941	12:16	V-11 (Il-2)Шаблон:Sfn		9	17 November 1941	14:35	I-16Шаблон:Sfn
5	28 September 1941	10:46	one-engined ground-attack aircraftШаблон:Sfn
– 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — 6 December 1941 – 28 April 1942
10	6 December 1941	11:02	I-16Шаблон:Sfn		21	23 February 1942	12:05	I-26 (Yak-1)Шаблон:Sfn
11	27 December 1941	14:26	I-16	northeast of Golodayevka Шаблон:Sfn	22	25 February 1942	10:49	I-26 (Yak-1)Шаблон:Sfn
12	27 December 1941	14:33	I-16Шаблон:Sfn		23	25 February 1942	10:51	I-26 (Yak-1)	south-southwest of AndreyevkaШаблон:Sfn
13	5 January 1942	14:42	I-16Шаблон:Sfn		24	1 March 1942	11:48	I-26 (Yak-1)Шаблон:Sfn
14	25 January 1942	12:15	I-153	Шаблон:Convert southwest of LyskowШаблон:Sfn	25	16 March 1942	11:08	I-61 (MiG-3)Шаблон:Sfn
15	25 January 1942	12:17	I-153	Шаблон:Convert southwest of LyskowШаблон:Sfn	26	16 March 1942	11:48	I-61 (MiG-3)Шаблон:Sfn
16	16 February 1942	11:11	Su-2 (Seversky)	KrassnojeШаблон:Sfn	27	26 March 1942	16:55	I-16Шаблон:Sfn
17	19 February 1942	08:22	I-61 (MiG-3)Шаблон:Sfn		28	27 March 1942	10:10	I-61 (MiG-3)Шаблон:Sfn
18	19 February 1942	08:28	I-61 (MiG-3)Шаблон:Sfn		29	28 March 1942	17:10	I-61 (MiG-3)Шаблон:Sfn
19	19 February 1942	11:41	Su-2 (Seversky)Шаблон:Sfn		30	28 March 1942	17:43	I-16Шаблон:Sfn
20	23 February 1942	11:57	R-5 Шаблон:Sfn		31	8 April 1942	11:22	I-61 (MiG-3)Шаблон:Sfn
– 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — 29 April 1942 – 3 February 1943
32	29 May 1942	09:14	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		47	17 August 1942	16:56	TB-7?Шаблон:Refn	PQ 95514Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Gumrak
33	29 May 1942	09:16	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		48	22 August 1942	14:00	Yak-1	PQ 49151Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Stalingrad
34	2 June 1942	11:30	Su-2 (Seversky)Шаблон:Sfn		49	23 August 1942	07:25	LaGG-3	PQ 49281Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Stalingrad
35	9 June 1942	13:17	LaGG-3Шаблон:Sfn		50	23 August 1942	13:33	LaGG-3	PQ 49242Шаблон:Sfn
36	22 June 1942	06:41	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		51	27 August 1942	04:44	LaGG-3	PQ 49464Шаблон:Sfn
37	22 June 1942	06:44	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		52	27 August 1942	04:47	Yak-1	PQ 59174Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Krasnaya Sloboda
38	30 June 1942	18:28	MiG-1Шаблон:Sfn		53	3 September 1942	15:57	Yak-1	PQ 50782Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Stalingrad
39	5 August 1942	09:41	LaGG-3	PQ 0679Шаблон:Sfn	54	4 September 1942	14:45?Шаблон:Refn	Yak-1	PQ 44441Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Stalingrad
40	5 August 1942	13:40	MiG-1	PQ 0687Шаблон:Sfn	55	8 September 1942	11:34	Il-2	PQ 49261Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southeast of Stalingrad
41	6 August 1942	12:07	LaGG-3	PQ 05241Шаблон:Sfn	56	8 September 1942	15:17	La-5	PQ 49493Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southeast of Stalingrad
42	15 August 1942	11:07	Yak-1	PQ 85282Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Smolenskaya	57	9 September 1942	13:27	La-5	PQ 49444Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southeast of Stalingrad
43	15 August 1942	11:10	Yak-1	PQ 85194Шаблон:Sfn east of Derbentskaya	58	14 September 1942	04:57	MiG-3	PQ 47443Шаблон:Sfn south of Stalingrad
44	15 August 1942	11:13	Yak-1	PQ 85113Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Eriwanskij	59	15 September 1942	08:57	Yak-1	PQ 49422Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east of Stalingrad
45	17 August 1942	11:06	I-153	PQ 85362Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Tschernyj	60	15 September 1942	09:15	Il-2	PQ 49344Шаблон:Sfn
46	17 August 1942	11:11	I-153	PQ 85364Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Tuaose	61	22 September 1942	11:08	Il-2	PQ 49414Шаблон:Sfn
– 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — March 1943
62	22 March 1943	14:32	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 76654Шаблон:Sfn west of Petrovskaya
– Stab of Jagdgeschwader 11 –Шаблон:Sfn Defense of the Reich — February 1944
63	10 February 1944	12:50	B-17	PQ 05 Ost S/FN, vicinity of Zwolle Шаблон:Sfn Meppel-Staphorst

Awards

Aviator badge
Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe
Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st Class
Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 30 March 1942 as Feldwebel and pilotШаблон:Sfn
German Cross in Gold on 11 May 1942 as Feldwebel in the III./Jagdgeschwader 52Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Refn
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 2 October 1942 as Oberfeldwebel and pilot in the 9./Jagdgeschwader 52Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Refn

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

Шаблон:Subject bar

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