Английская Википедия:Heinrich Klöpper

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Heinrich (Heinz) Klöpper (9 January 1918 – 29 November 1943) was a former Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. Heinrich Klöpper was credited with 94 victories.

Career

Klöpper was born on 9 January 1918 in Größ Bülten, present-day part of Ilsede, at the time in the Province of Hanover within the German Empire.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1940 Heinrich (Heinz) Klöpper served with Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77—77th Fighter Wing), during the Battle of France and the Battle of Britain he recorded his first two victories. On 15 May, elements of 2. Staffel of JG 77 engaged five Armée de l'air Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 fighters west of Dinant. During this encounter, Klöpper claimed a M.S.406 fighter shot down, which was not confirmed, but was himself shot down and had to bail out of his Messerschmitt Bf 109 E. He landed safely near the advancing German tanks.Шаблон:Sfn

On 21 November, I. Gruppe of JG 77 was redesignated and became the IV. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing). In consequence, Klöpper's former 2. Staffel of JG 77 became 11. Staffel of JG 51.Шаблон:Sfn

On the first day of Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, he claimed his first victory on the Eastern Front, when he shot down a Russian SB-3 bomber. On 27 October 1941 he claimed a double Soviet victory, shooting down two LaGG-3 fighters. Another double on 5 July 1942, an Il-2 and an I-16 Rata; and five victories on 7 July 1942. Another five victories on 4 August 1942; a MiG-3, a Pe-2 and three Il-2 ground-attack aircraft.

On 4 September 1942, Klöpper was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Шаблон:Lang) for 65 aerial victories claimed.Шаблон:Sfn

Defense of the Reich

In May 1943, Klöpper was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 1 (JG 1—1st Fighter Wing). He succeeded Hauptmann Günther Specht who was transferred.Шаблон:Sfn On the Western Front his 91st victim was a B-17 bomber on 5 November 1943. His 92nd, was a P-38 Lightning fighter on 13 November 1943. His 93rd aerial victory was the Consolidated B-24 Liberator bomber, "Sack-Time Sally", claimed on 26 November 1943.Шаблон:Sfn His 94th and final victory was a P-38 at Hasselt claimed on 29 November 1943.

On 29 November 1943, Klöpper was killed in action following aerial combat with USAAF approximately 20 to 30 Lockheed P-38 Lightning fighters of the 55th Fighter Group, supported by few Republic P-47 Thunderbolt fighters. The combat occurred at an altitude of Шаблон:Convert in the area of Groningen, Leeuwarden and Meppel, ending over the Zuiderzee. Following this encounter, Klöpper crashed his Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 410 106—factory number) southwest of Meppel after flying through a low cloud cover.Шаблон:Sfn

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

During his career, he shot down a total of 94 enemy planes in approximately 500 combat missions (18 victories were on the Western Front), of which eight were four engined bombers and seven Il-2 Sturmoviks. Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 89 aerial victories, plus further one unconfirmed claim. This figure includes 80 claims on the Eastern Front and nine claims over the Western Allies, including four four-engined heavy bombers.Шаблон:Sfn

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 05 Ost 0021". The Luftwaffe grid map (Шаблон:Lang) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about Шаблон:Convert. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area Шаблон:Convert in size.Шаблон:Sfn

Chronicle of aerial victories
Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location	Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location
– 2. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 77 – Battle of France — 10 May – 1 June 1940
Шаблон:CenterШаблон:Refn	15 May 1940	Шаблон:Center	M.S.406Шаблон:Sfn
– 2. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 77 –Шаблон:Sfn Action at the Channel and over England — 25 August 1940 – 7 June 1941
1	5 October 1940	18:35	Spitfire	DungenessШаблон:Sfn
– 11. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –Шаблон:Sfn Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 5 December 1941
2	22 June 1941	16:25	SB-3	MivhatkiШаблон:Sfn	15	13 August 1941	09:58	I-18 (MiG-1)	Шаблон:Convert north of YelnyaШаблон:Sfn
3	24 June 1941	09:30	SB-3	Шаблон:Convert south of SiemieczewoШаблон:Sfn	16	14 August 1941	15:30	I-18 (MiG-1)	Шаблон:Convert southeast of YelnyaШаблон:Sfn
4	26 June 1941	10:48	DB-3Шаблон:Sfn		17	8 September 1941	05:40	I-18 (MiG-1)	Шаблон:Convert south of SnobШаблон:Sfn
5	30 June 1941	13:15	R-10 (Seversky)	Шаблон:Convert west of SauditscheШаблон:Sfn	18	9 September 1941	12:50	R-3?Шаблон:Refn	Шаблон:Convert southwest of KrolowetzШаблон:Sfn
6	11 July 1941	10:32	Pe-2	KraschinoШаблон:Sfn	19	9 September 1941	14:40	DB-3	Шаблон:Convert west of KostobobrШаблон:Sfn
7	11 July 1941	15:35	I-16	KoelyШаблон:Sfn	20	9 September 1941	14:55	DB-3	Шаблон:Convert southeast of NovgorodШаблон:Sfn
8	16 July 1941	10:14	DB-3	Шаблон:Convert east of GusinoШаблон:Sfn	21	6 October 1941	13:20	Pe-2	Шаблон:Convert west of Spas-DemenskШаблон:Sfn
9	26 July 1941	09:12	DB-3	Шаблон:Convert east of KowaliШаблон:Sfn	22	6 October 1941	17:00	I-18 (MiG-1)	Шаблон:Convert north of JuchnovШаблон:Sfn
10	4 August 1941	08:30	Pe-2	Шаблон:Convert south of AlekssinoШаблон:Sfn	23	12 October 1941	16:05	I-18 (MiG-1)	Шаблон:Convert east of KremenslojeШаблон:Sfn
11	8 August 1941	05:10	Pe-2	Шаблон:Convert northeast of KochanyШаблон:Sfn	24	27 October 1941	15:20	Yak-1?Шаблон:Refn	Шаблон:Convert northeast of WeretjaШаблон:Sfn
12	9 August 1941	11:20	SB-3	Шаблон:Convert north of SacharjoskajaШаблон:Sfn	25	27 October 1941	15:23	Yak-1?	Шаблон:Convert northeast of WeretjaШаблон:Sfn
13	9 August 1941	18:20	I-16	Шаблон:Convert northwest of BryanskШаблон:Sfn	26	29 October 1941	13:40	I-16	Шаблон:Convert southeast of MoshaiskШаблон:Sfn
14	9 August 1941	18:55	Pe-2	southern edge of DankowoШаблон:Sfn
– 11. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders" –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — 1 May 1942 – 3 February 1943
27	29 May 1942	13:25	LaGG-3	Шаблон:Convert south of BatischtschewoШаблон:Sfn	55	5 August 1942	11:35	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert northeast of ZubtsovШаблон:Sfn
28	4 June 1942	15:10	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert northeast of BatischtschewoШаблон:Sfn	56	9 August 1942	06:00	LaGG-3	Шаблон:Convert southeast of ZubtsovШаблон:Sfn
29	13 June 1942	12:35	MiG-3Шаблон:Sfn		57	9 August 1942	12:10	Hurricane	Шаблон:Convert south-southwest of ZubtsovШаблон:Sfn
30	5 July 1942	11:30	I-16?Шаблон:Refn	Шаблон:Convert northwest of BjelojШаблон:Sfn	58	9 August 1942	12:12	Hurricane	Шаблон:Convert south of ZubtsovШаблон:Sfn
31	5 July 1942	11:45	I-16	Шаблон:Convert northwest of BjelojШаблон:Sfn	Шаблон:Center	5 August 1942	Шаблон:Center	LaGG-3	Шаблон:Convert south of ZubtsovШаблон:Sfn
32♠	7 July 1942	13:30	LaGG-3	Шаблон:Convert south-southeast of SimnizyШаблон:Sfn	59	10 August 1942	07:50	LaGG-3	Шаблон:Convert south-southeast of ZubtsovШаблон:Sfn
33♠	7 July 1942	13:40	LaGG-3	Шаблон:Convert west of SimnizyШаблон:Sfn	60	18 August 1942	17:00	LaGG-3	Шаблон:Convert northeast of WassilijeswkojeШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south-southeast of Gagarin
34♠	7 July 1942	16:55	MiG-3	eastern edge of KosjoslkШаблон:Sfn	61	19 August 1942	14:25	LaGG-3	Шаблон:Convert northwest of RzhevШаблон:Sfn
35♠	7 July 1942	17:10	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert northwest of BelewШаблон:Sfn	62	23 August 1942	18:00	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert southwest of ZubtsovШаблон:Sfn
36♠	7 July 1942	17:16	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert east of BelewШаблон:Sfn	63	23 August 1942	18:15	Il-2	Шаблон:Convert east of RzhevШаблон:Sfn
37	11 July 1942	05:52	LaGG-3	Шаблон:Convert southwest of SimnizyШаблон:Sfn	64	24 August 1942	07:30	Il-2	Шаблон:Convert southeast of RzhevШаблон:Sfn
38	11 July 1942	05:53	LaGG-3	Шаблон:Convert south of SimnizyШаблон:Sfn	65	24 August 1942	12:17	P-39	Шаблон:Convert east of ZubtsovШаблон:Sfn
39	11 July 1942	05:57	LaGG-3	Шаблон:Convert southeast of SimnizyШаблон:Sfn	66	25 August 1942	06:40	LaGG-3	Шаблон:Convert northwest of RzhevШаблон:Sfn
40	11 July 1942	19:45	LaGG-3	Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of ZhizdraШаблон:Sfn	67	28 October 1942	14:20	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert southwest of Staraya ToropaШаблон:Sfn
41	13 July 1942	16:02	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert west of SuchinitschiШаблон:Sfn	68	28 October 1942	15:03	Yak-1	Шаблон:Convert northeast of UswjatyШаблон:Sfn
42	27 July 1942	06:00	LaGG-3	Шаблон:Convert east of MozhayskШаблон:Sfn	69	29 October 1942	15:15	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert east of VitebskШаблон:Sfn southeast of Vitebsk
43	1 August 1942	11:07	LaGG-3	Шаблон:Convert northwest of RzhevШаблон:Sfn	70	29 October 1942	15:20	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert southeast of SurazhШаблон:Sfn southeast of Surazh
44	1 August 1942	11:15	Il-2	Шаблон:Convert southeast of RzhevШаблон:Sfn	71	30 October 1942	10:15	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert southeast of VitebskШаблон:Sfn southeast of Vitebsk
45	1 August 1942	11:21?Шаблон:Refn	U-2	Шаблон:Convert south of RzhevШаблон:Sfn	72	30 October 1942	10:20	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert southeast of VitebskШаблон:Sfn southeast of Vitebsk
46	2 August 1942	14:45	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert northwest of RzhevШаблон:Sfn	73	30 October 1942	10:33?Шаблон:Refn	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert northeast of SurazhШаблон:Sfn northeast of Surazh
47	3 August 1942	09:20	LaGG-3	Шаблон:Convert northeast of RzhevШаблон:Sfn	74	7 November 1942	12:20	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert southwest of Staraya ToropaШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west-southwest of Staraya Toropa
48	3 August 1942	10:00	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert northwest of RzhevШаблон:Sfn	75♠	9 November 1942	07:32	Pe-2	Шаблон:Convert northeast of WelishШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Maklok
49♠	4 August 1942	05:20	Pe-2	Шаблон:Convert northeast of ZubtsovШаблон:Sfn	76♠	9 November 1942	07:41	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert southwest of Staraya ToropaШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Staraya Toropa
50♠	4 August 1942	05:25	Il-2	Шаблон:Convert east of ZubtsovШаблон:Sfn	77♠	9 November 1942	07:43	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert southwest of Staraya ToropaШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west-southwest of Staraya Toropa
51♠	4 August 1942	05:27	Il-2	Шаблон:Convert southeast of ZubtsovШаблон:Sfn	78♠	9 November 1942	07:45?Шаблон:Refn	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert southwest of Staraya ToropaШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Staraya Toropa
52♠	4 August 1942	15:25	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert east of ZubtsovШаблон:Sfn	79♠	9 November 1942	08:10	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert southwest of Staraya ToropaШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west-southwest of Staraya Toropa
53♠	4 August 1942	18:35	Il-2	Шаблон:Convert southeast of ZubtsovШаблон:Sfn	80	11 November 1942	12:16	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert southwest of Staraya ToropaШаблон:Sfn
54	5 August 1942	11:30	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert east of ZubtsovШаблон:Sfn	81	11 November 1942	12:18	MiG-3	Шаблон:Convert southwest of Staraya ToropaШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west-southwest of Staraya Toropa
– 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" –Шаблон:Sfn Western Front — 1 January – April 1943
82?Шаблон:Refn	17 January 1943	15:32	Spitfire	PQ 05 Ost 0021Шаблон:Sfn	84	13 March 1943?Шаблон:Refn	15:30	Spitfire	Шаблон:Convert west of Baie de SommeШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northwest of Abbeville
83	10 February 1943	11:21	Spitfire	Orne estuaryШаблон:Sfn	85	28 March 1943	12:31	Spitfire	south of Beachy HeadШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert northeast of Dieppe
– 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 1 –Шаблон:Sfn Western Front — May – 29 November 1943
According to Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock, Klöpper claimed one undocumented aerial victory in the timeframe 16 August to 30 September 1943.Шаблон:Sfn This claim is not listed by Mathews and Foreman.Шаблон:Sfn
87	10 October 1943	15:19	B-17	Шаблон:Convert northeast of MünsterШаблон:Sfn
According to Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock, Klöpper claimed one undocumented aerial victory in the timeframe 11 to 31 October 1943.Шаблон:Sfn This claim is not listed by Mathews and Foreman.Шаблон:Sfn
89	3 November 1943	13:10	B-17	MellumШаблон:Sfn	91	26 November 1943	13:10	B-24	PQ 05 Ost S/DN-4Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Hasselt
90	5 November 1943	13:54	B-17	PQ 05 Ost S/KH-1Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Haamstede	92	29 November 1943	14:15	P-38	PQ 05 Ost S/FN-4/5Шаблон:Sfn

Awards

• Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st Class
• Wound Badge in Black (25 June 1943)
• Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe in Gold with Pennant
• Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 20 October 1941 as Feldwebel in a JagdgeschwaderШаблон:Sfn
• German Cross in Gold on 21 August 1942 as Oberfeldwebel in the VI./Jagdgeschwader 51Шаблон:Sfn
• Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 4 September 1942 as Oberfeldwebel and pilot in the 11./Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders"Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

References

Bibliography

• Шаблон:Cite web
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• Шаблон:Wikicite