Английская Википедия:Heinz-Horst Hißbach

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Heinz-Horst Hißbach (30 January 1916 – 14 April 1945) was a Luftwaffe night fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Шаблон:Lang-de) during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. Heinz-Horst Hißbach claimed 34 aerial victories, all of them at night.

Career

Hißbach was born on 30 January 1916 in Dessau.Шаблон:Sfn

Night fighter career

Файл:Kammhuber Line Map - Agent Tegal.png

A map of part of the Kammhuber Line. The 'belt' and night fighter 'boxes' are shown.

Following the 1939 aerial Battle of the Heligoland Bight, RAF attacks shifted to the cover of darkness, initiating the Defence of the Reich campaign.Шаблон:Sfn By mid-1940, Generalmajor (Brigadier General) Josef Kammhuber had established a night air defense system dubbed the Kammhuber Line. It consisted of a series of control sectors equipped with radars and searchlights and an associated night fighter. Each sector named a Himmelbett (canopy bed) would direct the night fighter into visual range with target bombers. In 1941, the Luftwaffe started equipping night fighters with airborne radar such as the Lichtenstein radar. This airborne radar did not come into general use until early 1942.Шаблон:Sfn

On 1 November 1944, Hißbach succeeded Major Paul Semrau as Gruppenkommandeur of II. Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 (NJG 2—2nd Night Fighter Wing).Шаблон:Sfn

In the night of 14/15 April 1945, Hißbach and his crew of Hubert Varzecha and Max Mayer were killed in action when they were shot down by anti-aircraft artillery. The three were strafing a US resupply column, destroying eight vehicles, in the area of Gelnhausen when their aircraft was hit and exploded.Шаблон:Sfn Posthumously, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Шаблон:Lang) that day.Шаблон:Sfn

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According Spick, Hißbach was credited with 34 nocturnal aerial victories, claimed in approximately 200 combat missions.Шаблон:Sfn Foreman, Parry and Mathews, authors of Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939 – 1945, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 30 victory claims.Шаблон:Sfn Mathews and Foreman also published Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, stating that Hißbach claimed more than 29 aerial victories, plus two further unconfirmed claims.Шаблон:Sfn

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ DF-DG". The Luftwaffe grid map (Шаблон:Lang) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about Шаблон:Convert. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area Шаблон:Convert in size.Шаблон:Sfn

Chronicle of aerial victories
Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location	Serial No./Squadron No.
– I. Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 –Шаблон:Sfn
1?Шаблон:Refn	25/26 July 1942	Шаблон:Center	Wellington	southwest of CreteШаблон:Sfn	Wellington HF944/No. 108 Squadron RAFШаблон:Sfn
– 14. Staffel of Kampfgeschwader 40 –Шаблон:Sfn
1?Шаблон:Refn	30 November 1942	14:05	WhitleyШаблон:Sfn
– 5. Staffel of Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 –Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Center?Шаблон:Refn	14 October 1943	Шаблон:Center	B-17Шаблон:Sfn
2	21 January 1944	22:52?Шаблон:Refn	LancasterШаблон:Sfn
3	21 January 1944	23:00	LancasterШаблон:Sfn
4	29 January 1944	03:20	LancasterШаблон:Sfn
5	29 January 1944	03:35	LancasterШаблон:Sfn
6	21 February 1944	04:09	four-engined bomber	StuttgartШаблон:Sfn
7	25 February 1944	21:51	four-engined bomber	vicinity of SchönbachШаблон:Sfn
8	15 March 1944	23:26	four-engined bomber	Шаблон:Convert south of StuttgartШаблон:Sfn
9	24 March 1944	22:22	four-engined bomber	Шаблон:Convert from of KasselШаблон:Sfn
10	24 March 1944	22:50	four-engined bomber	Шаблон:Convert from of BerlinШаблон:Sfn
11	31 March 1944	00:49?Шаблон:Refn	four-engined bomber	vicinity of RheineШаблон:Sfn
12?Шаблон:Refn	31 March 1944	00:50	four-engined bomber	southwest of BuerШаблон:Sfn
13	31 March 1944	00:50	four-engined bomber	southwest of the Thuringian ForestШаблон:Sfn
14	28 April 1944	03:06	Halifax	Saint-DizierШаблон:Sfn
15	23 May 1944	01:18	LancasterШаблон:Sfn	east of Uden
16	10 June 1944	00:38	Lancaster	vicinity of ÉtrépagnyШаблон:Sfn
17	25 June 1944	00:38	Lancaster	north of AbbevilleШаблон:Sfn
18	1 July 1944	01:25	Lancaster	Blois-VendômeШаблон:Sfn
19	1 July 1944	01:38	Lancaster	Шаблон:Convert northwest of ChâteaudunШаблон:Sfn
20	5 July 1944	01:55	Lancaster	south of AbbevilleШаблон:Sfn
21	8 July 1944	01:45	Lancaster	DieppeШаблон:Sfn
22	19 July 1944	01:12	four-engined bomber	JouarreШаблон:Sfn
23	19 July 1944	01:58	four-engined bomber	ÉpernayШаблон:Sfn
24	29 July 1944	00:46	four-engined bomber	PQ DF-DGШаблон:Sfn vicinity of Montargis-Sens
25	29 July 1944	01:23	four-engined bomber	ChaumontШаблон:Sfn	Lancaster PB245/No. 619 Squadron RAF
26	29 July 1944	01:58	four-engined bomber	Шаблон:Convert west of StuttgartШаблон:Sfn
27	26 August 1944	01:24	four-engined bomber	DarmstadtШаблон:Sfn
28	19 September 1944	23:05	Lancaster	west-northwest of MönchengladbachШаблон:Sfn
– II. Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 –Шаблон:Sfn
29	3/4 March 1945	Шаблон:Center	four-engined bomber	over EnglandШаблон:Sfn
30	3/4 March 1945	Шаблон:Center	four-engined bomber	over EnglandШаблон:Sfn

Awards

• Flugzeugführerabzeichen
• Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe
• Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st Class
• Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe) on 19 June 1944 as Hauptmann and pilotШаблон:Sfn
• German Cross in Gold on 1 January 1945 as Hauptmann in the 5./Nachtjagdgeschwader 2Шаблон:Sfn
• Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 15 April 1945 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of the II./Nachtjagdgeschwader 2Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

References

Bibliography

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book