Английская Википедия:Heinz Ewald

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox military person

Heinz "Esau" Ewald (1 September 1922 – 14 March 2002) was a Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership.

Heinz Ewald was credited with 84 victories in 395 combat missions.

Career

On 1 December 1941 Ewald volunteered for military service. After his pilot training, which included flight training with the Fliegerausbildungsregiment 23 in Kaufbeuren, he was posted, in the fall of 1943, to 6. Staffel (6th squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) on the Eastern Front and was soon one of the best young pilots of his group. He frequently flew as wingman to Gerhard Barkhorn.Шаблон:Sfn On his fourth sortie, and on his first enemy encounter, he shot down his first opponent on 11 December 1943. He was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class, on 8 January 1944; the Iron Cross 1st Class on 7 March. He was promoted to Leutnant (second lieutenant) on 1 May, and he received the Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Шаблон:Lang) on 25 May.Шаблон:Sfn

On 17 December 1943, Ewald made a forced landing in his Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-6.Шаблон:Sfn On 21 March 1944, he was shot down by anti-aircraft artillery in his Bf 109 G-6.Шаблон:Sfn On 24 June, he was again shot down, this time in his Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 163568—factory number) during combat with Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers southeast of Malu Roșu, Ploiești and wounded.Шаблон:Sfn Prior to being shot down, Esau claimed a B-24 bomber. He made two attacks on the bomber. The first attack, which was made in a head on attack, damaged the bomber and separated it from its combat box. The second attack, which flown from a stern direction, was observed to have shot down the B-24 bomber with its left wing on fire.Шаблон:Sfn Flying a third attack on the bomber formation, Ewald was hit by the defensive fire of another bomber. His engine caught fire and he was forced to bail out. Fearing to come to get shot in his parachute by an escorting fighter, he let himself fall to approximately Шаблон:Convert before deploying his parachute.Шаблон:Sfn

On 30 September, II. Gruppe moved to Nagyrábé. Here on 6 October, Ewald claimed his first aerial victory following his injuries sustained on 24 June when he shot down a Yakovlev Yak-11 aircraft.Шаблон:Sfn He received the German Cross in Gold (Шаблон:Lang) on 30 November.Шаблон:Sfn On 18 January, II. Gruppe relocated to Veszprém where they stayed until 21 March. Here the Gruppe supported the 6th Army fighting in Operation Konrad III in an attempt to relieve the siege of Budapest. Here, Ewald claimed an aerial victory over an Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft the next day, a Douglas A-20 Havoc bomber, also named "Boston", on 20 January. On 22 January, he was credited with four Lavochkin La-5 fighters shot down near Stuhlweißenburg, present-day Székesfehérvár, followed by another La-5 on 30 January and 2 February, and two La-5s on 4 February.Шаблон:Sfn

Squadron leader

On 15 February 1945, Ewald succeeded Oberleutnant Helmut Lipfert as Staffelkapitän (squadron leader of 6. Staffel of JG 52. On 1 March, the Staffel was redesignated and became the 7. Staffel.Шаблон:Sfn That day, he was shot down in his Bf 109 G-10/U4 (Werknummer 610964) by German anti-aircraft artillery near the airfield at Vesprém.Шаблон:Sfn On 3 April, he made a strafing attack on Russian positions and came under attack of 12 North American P-51 Mustang resulting in a forced landing Шаблон:Convert near the front line.Шаблон:Sfn

II. Gruppe moved to an airfield at Brünn, present-day Brno in the Czech Republic, on 14 April. There, Ewald claimed his last four aerial victories. That day, he shot down two Il-2 ground-attack aircraft and a Yakovlev Yak-9 fighter on 15 and 16 April, taking his total to 84.Шаблон:Sfn Four days later on 20 April, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Шаблон:Lang), the last pilot of II. Gruppe to receive this distinction.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Ewald was held as a Prisoner of War at Fürstenfeldbruck Lager from 8 May until 22 June 1945.

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Ewald was credited with 84 aerial victories.Шаблон:Sfn Spick also lists Ewald with 84 aerial victories claimed in 396 combat missions.Шаблон:Sfn Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 82 aerial victory claims, including one P-51 fighter, plus 16 further unconfirmed claims. All of his confirmed victories were claimed on the Eastern Front.Шаблон:Sfn

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 34 Ost 66562". The Luftwaffe grid map (Шаблон:Lang) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about Шаблон:Convert. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area Шаблон:Convert in size.Шаблон:Sfn

Chronicle of aerial victories

Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend

Claim Date Time Type Location Unit Claim Date Time Type Location Unit
– Claims with II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 52 –Шаблон:Sfn
Eastern Front — November – 31 December 1943
1 12 November 1943 10:27 Yak-1 PQ 34 Ost 66562, south of BulganakШаблон:Sfn
vicinity of Babtschik
6./JG 52 5 29 December 1943 09:35 Yak-1 PQ 34 Ost 66613Шаблон:Sfn
vicinity of Cape Khroni
Stab II./JG 52
2 14 November 1943 11:55 Yak-1 PQ 34 Ost 6673Шаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52 6 31 December 1943 14:22 P-39 PQ 34 Ost 66522, northwest of KesyШаблон:Sfn
vicinity of Nowy Swet
Stab II./JG 52
3 5 December 1943 13:35 Il-2 m.H.Шаблон:Refn southwest of EltigenШаблон:Sfn Stab II./JG 52 7 31 December 1943 14:25 Yak-1 PQ 34 Ost 66531, northwest of KaterlesШаблон:Sfn
vicinity of Mama Ruskaja
Stab II./JG 52
4 17 December 1943 10:11 Yak-1 north of GorkomШаблон:Sfn Stab II./JG 52 8 31 December 1943 14:30 P-39 PQ 34 Ost 66531, northwest of KaterlesШаблон:Sfn
vicinity of Mama Ruskaja
Stab II./JG 52
– Claims with II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 52 –Шаблон:Sfn
Eastern Front — 1 January – 31 December 1944
Шаблон:Center 17 January 1944 15:00 P-39Шаблон:Sfn Stab II./JG 52 27 8 June 1944 17:38 P-39 vicinity of IașiШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west of Tudora
6./JG 52
9 23 January 1944 12:17 P-39 BaheroveШаблон:Sfn Stab II./JG 52 Шаблон:Center 11 June 1944 ~10:00 P-51Шаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52
Шаблон:Center 23 January 1944 14:30 P-39Шаблон:Sfn Stab II./JG 52 28 12 June 1944 17:38 Yak-7 vicinity of ManzarШаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52
10 24 January 44 14:58 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] BaheroveШаблон:Sfn Stab II./JG 52 29?Шаблон:Refn 24 June 1944 11:35 B-24 vicinity of BuzăuШаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52
Шаблон:Center 24 January 1944 ~15:00 Yak-1Шаблон:Sfn Stab II./JG 52 30 6 October 1944 13:01 Yak-11 NagyrábéШаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52
Шаблон:Center 25 January 1944 ~15:00 Yak-1Шаблон:Sfn Stab II./JG 52 Шаблон:Center 28 October 1944 14:20 BostonШаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52
11 26 January 1944 11:40 P-39 BaheroveШаблон:Sfn Stab II./JG 52 31 31 October 1944 15:37 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] PQ 97256Шаблон:Sfn
vicinity of Kecskemét
6./JG 52
12 12 February 1944 08:34 Yak-9 PQ 66562Шаблон:Sfn
Kerch
Stab II./JG 52 32 31 October 1944 15:42 La-5 PQ 97276Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Kecskemét
6./JG 52
13 12 February 1944 15:52 Yak-9 PQ 66614Шаблон:Sfn
vicinity of Majak-Bakny
Stab II./JG 52 33 1 November 1944 11:18 Yak-7 PQ 98899Шаблон:Sfn
east of Nagykőrös
6./JG 52
14 25 February 1944 08:34 Yak-7 PQ 47772Шаблон:Sfn
Karankut
Stab II./JG 52 34 1 November 1944 11:23 Yak-7 FerihegyШаблон:Sfn
east of Nagykőrös
6./JG 52
15 25 February 1944 08:36 Yak-7 PQ 47772Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert south of Dornburg
Stab II./JG 52 35 1 November 1944 14:24 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] FerihegyШаблон:Sfn
vicinity of Nagykőrös
6./JG 52
16 25 February 1944 15:35 Yak-7 PQ 4758Шаблон:Sfn
Karankut
Stab II./JG 52 36 13 November 1944 14:54 Yak-9 vicinity of BudaörsШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Eger
6./JG 52
17 26 February 1944 12:32 P-40 PQ 6644Шаблон:Sfn
Karankut
Stab II./JG 52 Шаблон:Center 14 November 1944 ~08:00 Yak-9Шаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52
18 1 March 1944 08:22?Шаблон:Refn P-40 GrammatikowoШаблон:Sfn Stab II./JG 52 37 16 November 1944 08:52 La-5 vicinity of JászberényШаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52
Шаблон:Center 1 March 1944 ~12:00 Yak-1Шаблон:Sfn Stab II./JG 52 38 16 November 1944 11:46 Yak-9 vicinity of JászberényШаблон:Sfn
northwest of Jászberény
6./JG 52
19 2 March 1944 13:50 Yak-1 PQ 66562Шаблон:Sfn
Grammatikowo
Stab II./JG 52 39 16 November 1944 11:51 Yak-9 vicinity of JászberényШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Gyöngyös
6./JG 52
20 11 March 1944 08:32 Yak-1 PQ 46112Шаблон:Sfn
Grammatikowo
Stab II./JG 52 40 16 November 1944 14:03 Yak-9 PQ 8373Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert north-northeast of Karcag
6./JG 52
Шаблон:Center 11 March 1944 ~12:00 Yak-1Шаблон:Sfn Stab II./JG 52 41 17 November 1944 08:36 Yak-9 PQ 98464Шаблон:Sfn
vicinity of Jászberény
6./JG 52
21 13 March 1944 10:10 Yak-7 GrammatikowoШаблон:Sfn Stab II./JG 52 42 17 November 1944 11:06 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] PQ 98433Шаблон:Sfn
vicinity of Gyöngyös
6./JG 52
Шаблон:Center 21 March 1944 ~15:00 Yak-7Шаблон:Sfn Stab II./JG 52 43 5 December 1944 10:51 Yak-9 vicinity of HatvanШаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52
Шаблон:Center 2 April 1944 ~13:00 P-40Шаблон:Sfn Stab II./JG 52 44 5 December 1944 11:04 Yak-9 vicinity of HatvanШаблон:Sfn
vicinity southeast of Hatvan
6./JG 52
22 30 May 1944 17:22 P-39 vicinity of HușiШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert south of Tudora
6./JG 52 45 5 December 1944 13:34 La-5 PQ 98417Шаблон:Sfn
vicinity southeast of Hatvan
6./JG 52
23 31 May 1944 18:46 P-39 vicinity of HușiШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert north of Tesanrani
6./JG 52 46 5 December 1944 15:09 Yak-9 PQ 98444Шаблон:Sfn
vicinity west of Tura
6./JG 52
24 2 June 1944 14:54 Yak-7 PQ 78561Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Tudora
6./JG 52 Шаблон:Center 8 December 1944 ~15:00 Yak-9Шаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52
25 3 June 1944 16:24 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] vicinity of HușiШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert north of Iași
6./JG 52 47 11 December 1944 11:56 Yak-9 PQ 88698Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Budapest
6./JG 52
26 4 June 1944 17:21 P-39 vicinity of HușiШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Souleni
6./JG 52 48 14 December 1944 10:25 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] PQ 88755Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west-northwest of Stuhlweißenburg
6./JG 52
Шаблон:Center 6 June 1944 ~13:00 Yak-1Шаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52 49 22 December 1944 ~14:00 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] vicinity of CsórШаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52
Шаблон:Center 6 June 1944 ~13:00 Yak-1Шаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52
– Claims with II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 52 –Шаблон:Sfn
Eastern Front – 1 January – 16 April 1945
50 2 January 1945 12:30 La-5 south of GranШаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52 68 2 February 1945 ~15:00 La-5 vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52
51 2 January 1945 12:30 Yak-9 south of GranШаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52 69 4 February 1945 ~16:00 La-5 vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52
52♠ 3 January 1945 ~09:00 Yak-9 south of GranШаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52 70 4 February 1945 ~16:00 La-5 vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52
53♠ 3 January 1945 ~09:00 Yak-9 south of GranШаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52 71 1 March 1945 ~13:00 P-51 vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn 7./JG 52
54♠ 3 January 1945 ~09:00 Yak-9 south of GranШаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52 Шаблон:Center 8 March 1945 ~16:00 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn 7./JG 52
55♠ 3 January 1945 ~14:00 La-5 vicinity of BajnaШаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52 72 11 March 1945 ~15:00 Yak-9Шаблон:Sfn 7./JG 52
56♠ 3 January 1945 ~14:00 Yak-9 south of BajnaШаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52 73 13 March 1945 ~10:00 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn 7./JG 52
57 4 January 1945 ~10:00 La-5 south of GranШаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52 74 13 March 1945 ~16:00 La-5 vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn 7./JG 52
58 6 January 1945 13:30 La-5 vicinity of BicskeШаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52 75 13 March 1945 ~16:00 La-5 vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn 7./JG 52
59 6 January 1945 ~11:00 La-5 vicinity of GranШаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52 76 14 March 1945 ~13:00 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn 7./JG 52
60 16 January 1945 ~14:00 Yak-9 vicinity of BudapestШаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52 77 14 March 1945 ~17:00 Boston vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn 7./JG 52
61 19 January 1945 ~12:00 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52 78 16 March 1945 ~17:00 Yak-3 vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn 7./JG 52
62 20 January 1945 ~16:00 Boston vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn
vicinity of Veszprém
6./JG 52 79 5 April 1945 ~11:00 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] vicinity of ViennaШаблон:Sfn 7./JG 52
63 22 January 1945 13:30 La-5 vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52 80 7 April 1945 ~17:00 Yak-3 vicinity of ViennaШаблон:Sfn 7./JG 52
64 22 January 1945 13:30 La-5 vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52 81 14 April 1945 ~11:00 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] vicinity of ViennaШаблон:Sfn 7./JG 52
65 22 January 1945 ~16:00 La-5 vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52 82 14 April 1945 ~13:00 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] vicinity of ViennaШаблон:Sfn 7./JG 52
66 22 January 1945 ~16:00 La-5 vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52 83 15 April 1945 ~12:00 Yak-9 vicinity of LahШаблон:Sfn 7./JG 52
67 30 January 1945 ~13:00 La-5 vicinity of BudapestШаблон:Sfn 6./JG 52 84 16 April 1945 ~10:00 Yak-9 vicinity of LahШаблон:Sfn 7./JG 52

Awards

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

Шаблон:Subject bar


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