Английская Википедия:Heinz Ewald
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox military person
Heinz "Esau" Ewald (1 September 1922 – 14 March 2002) was a Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership.
Heinz Ewald was credited with 84 victories in 395 combat missions.
Career
On 1 December 1941 Ewald volunteered for military service. After his pilot training, which included flight training with the Fliegerausbildungsregiment 23 in Kaufbeuren, he was posted, in the fall of 1943, to 6. Staffel (6th squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) on the Eastern Front and was soon one of the best young pilots of his group. He frequently flew as wingman to Gerhard Barkhorn.Шаблон:Sfn On his fourth sortie, and on his first enemy encounter, he shot down his first opponent on 11 December 1943. He was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class, on 8 January 1944; the Iron Cross 1st Class on 7 March. He was promoted to Leutnant (second lieutenant) on 1 May, and he received the Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Шаблон:Lang) on 25 May.Шаблон:Sfn
On 17 December 1943, Ewald made a forced landing in his Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-6.Шаблон:Sfn On 21 March 1944, he was shot down by anti-aircraft artillery in his Bf 109 G-6.Шаблон:Sfn On 24 June, he was again shot down, this time in his Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 163568—factory number) during combat with Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers southeast of Malu Roșu, Ploiești and wounded.Шаблон:Sfn Prior to being shot down, Esau claimed a B-24 bomber. He made two attacks on the bomber. The first attack, which was made in a head on attack, damaged the bomber and separated it from its combat box. The second attack, which flown from a stern direction, was observed to have shot down the B-24 bomber with its left wing on fire.Шаблон:Sfn Flying a third attack on the bomber formation, Ewald was hit by the defensive fire of another bomber. His engine caught fire and he was forced to bail out. Fearing to come to get shot in his parachute by an escorting fighter, he let himself fall to approximately Шаблон:Convert before deploying his parachute.Шаблон:Sfn
On 30 September, II. Gruppe moved to Nagyrábé. Here on 6 October, Ewald claimed his first aerial victory following his injuries sustained on 24 June when he shot down a Yakovlev Yak-11 aircraft.Шаблон:Sfn He received the German Cross in Gold (Шаблон:Lang) on 30 November.Шаблон:Sfn On 18 January, II. Gruppe relocated to Veszprém where they stayed until 21 March. Here the Gruppe supported the 6th Army fighting in Operation Konrad III in an attempt to relieve the siege of Budapest. Here, Ewald claimed an aerial victory over an Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft the next day, a Douglas A-20 Havoc bomber, also named "Boston", on 20 January. On 22 January, he was credited with four Lavochkin La-5 fighters shot down near Stuhlweißenburg, present-day Székesfehérvár, followed by another La-5 on 30 January and 2 February, and two La-5s on 4 February.Шаблон:Sfn
Squadron leader
On 15 February 1945, Ewald succeeded Oberleutnant Helmut Lipfert as Staffelkapitän (squadron leader of 6. Staffel of JG 52. On 1 March, the Staffel was redesignated and became the 7. Staffel.Шаблон:Sfn That day, he was shot down in his Bf 109 G-10/U4 (Werknummer 610964) by German anti-aircraft artillery near the airfield at Vesprém.Шаблон:Sfn On 3 April, he made a strafing attack on Russian positions and came under attack of 12 North American P-51 Mustang resulting in a forced landing Шаблон:Convert near the front line.Шаблон:Sfn
II. Gruppe moved to an airfield at Brünn, present-day Brno in the Czech Republic, on 14 April. There, Ewald claimed his last four aerial victories. That day, he shot down two Il-2 ground-attack aircraft and a Yakovlev Yak-9 fighter on 15 and 16 April, taking his total to 84.Шаблон:Sfn Four days later on 20 April, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Шаблон:Lang), the last pilot of II. Gruppe to receive this distinction.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
Ewald was held as a Prisoner of War at Fürstenfeldbruck Lager from 8 May until 22 June 1945.
Summary of career
Aerial victory claims
According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Ewald was credited with 84 aerial victories.Шаблон:Sfn Spick also lists Ewald with 84 aerial victories claimed in 396 combat missions.Шаблон:Sfn Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 82 aerial victory claims, including one P-51 fighter, plus 16 further unconfirmed claims. All of his confirmed victories were claimed on the Eastern Front.Шаблон:Sfn
Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 34 Ost 66562". The Luftwaffe grid map (Шаблон:Lang) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about Шаблон:Convert. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area Шаблон:Convert in size.Шаблон:Sfn
Chronicle of aerial victories | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location | Unit | Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location | Unit |
– Claims with II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 52 –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — November – 31 December 1943 | |||||||||||
1 | 12 November 1943 | 10:27 | Yak-1 | PQ 34 Ost 66562, south of BulganakШаблон:Sfn vicinity of Babtschik |
6./JG 52 | 5 | 29 December 1943 | 09:35 | Yak-1 | PQ 34 Ost 66613Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Cape Khroni |
Stab II./JG 52 |
2 | 14 November 1943 | 11:55 | Yak-1 | PQ 34 Ost 6673Шаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | 6 | 31 December 1943 | 14:22 | P-39 | PQ 34 Ost 66522, northwest of KesyШаблон:Sfn vicinity of Nowy Swet |
Stab II./JG 52 |
3 | 5 December 1943 | 13:35 | Il-2 m.H.Шаблон:Refn | southwest of EltigenШаблон:Sfn | Stab II./JG 52 | 7 | 31 December 1943 | 14:25 | Yak-1 | PQ 34 Ost 66531, northwest of KaterlesШаблон:Sfn vicinity of Mama Ruskaja |
Stab II./JG 52 |
4 | 17 December 1943 | 10:11 | Yak-1 | north of GorkomШаблон:Sfn | Stab II./JG 52 | 8 | 31 December 1943 | 14:30 | P-39 | PQ 34 Ost 66531, northwest of KaterlesШаблон:Sfn vicinity of Mama Ruskaja |
Stab II./JG 52 |
– Claims with II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 52 –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front — 1 January – 31 December 1944 | |||||||||||
Шаблон:Center | 17 January 1944 | 15:00 | P-39Шаблон:Sfn | Stab II./JG 52 | 27 | 8 June 1944 | 17:38 | P-39 | vicinity of IașiШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west of Tudora |
6./JG 52 | |
9 | 23 January 1944 | 12:17 | P-39 | BaheroveШаблон:Sfn | Stab II./JG 52 | Шаблон:Center | 11 June 1944 | ~10:00 | P-51Шаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | |
Шаблон:Center | 23 January 1944 | 14:30 | P-39Шаблон:Sfn | Stab II./JG 52 | 28 | 12 June 1944 | 17:38 | Yak-7 | vicinity of ManzarШаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | |
10 | 24 January 44 | 14:58 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | BaheroveШаблон:Sfn | Stab II./JG 52 | 29?Шаблон:Refn | 24 June 1944 | 11:35 | B-24 | vicinity of BuzăuШаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 |
Шаблон:Center | 24 January 1944 | ~15:00 | Yak-1Шаблон:Sfn | Stab II./JG 52 | 30 | 6 October 1944 | 13:01 | Yak-11 | NagyrábéШаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | |
Шаблон:Center | 25 January 1944 | ~15:00 | Yak-1Шаблон:Sfn | Stab II./JG 52 | Шаблон:Center | 28 October 1944 | 14:20 | BostonШаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | ||
11 | 26 January 1944 | 11:40 | P-39 | BaheroveШаблон:Sfn | Stab II./JG 52 | 31 | 31 October 1944 | 15:37 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | PQ 97256Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Kecskemét |
6./JG 52 |
12 | 12 February 1944 | 08:34 | Yak-9 | PQ 66562Шаблон:Sfn Kerch |
Stab II./JG 52 | 32 | 31 October 1944 | 15:42 | La-5 | PQ 97276Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Kecskemét |
6./JG 52 |
13 | 12 February 1944 | 15:52 | Yak-9 | PQ 66614Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Majak-Bakny |
Stab II./JG 52 | 33 | 1 November 1944 | 11:18 | Yak-7 | PQ 98899Шаблон:Sfn east of Nagykőrös |
6./JG 52 |
14 | 25 February 1944 | 08:34 | Yak-7 | PQ 47772Шаблон:Sfn Karankut |
Stab II./JG 52 | 34 | 1 November 1944 | 11:23 | Yak-7 | FerihegyШаблон:Sfn east of Nagykőrös |
6./JG 52 |
15 | 25 February 1944 | 08:36 | Yak-7 | PQ 47772Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Dornburg |
Stab II./JG 52 | 35 | 1 November 1944 | 14:24 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | FerihegyШаблон:Sfn vicinity of Nagykőrös |
6./JG 52 |
16 | 25 February 1944 | 15:35 | Yak-7 | PQ 4758Шаблон:Sfn Karankut |
Stab II./JG 52 | 36 | 13 November 1944 | 14:54 | Yak-9 | vicinity of BudaörsШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Eger |
6./JG 52 |
17 | 26 February 1944 | 12:32 | P-40 | PQ 6644Шаблон:Sfn Karankut |
Stab II./JG 52 | Шаблон:Center | 14 November 1944 | ~08:00 | Yak-9Шаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | |
18 | 1 March 1944 | 08:22?Шаблон:Refn | P-40 | GrammatikowoШаблон:Sfn | Stab II./JG 52 | 37 | 16 November 1944 | 08:52 | La-5 | vicinity of JászberényШаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 |
Шаблон:Center | 1 March 1944 | ~12:00 | Yak-1Шаблон:Sfn | Stab II./JG 52 | 38 | 16 November 1944 | 11:46 | Yak-9 | vicinity of JászberényШаблон:Sfn northwest of Jászberény |
6./JG 52 | |
19 | 2 March 1944 | 13:50 | Yak-1 | PQ 66562Шаблон:Sfn Grammatikowo |
Stab II./JG 52 | 39 | 16 November 1944 | 11:51 | Yak-9 | vicinity of JászberényШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Gyöngyös |
6./JG 52 |
20 | 11 March 1944 | 08:32 | Yak-1 | PQ 46112Шаблон:Sfn Grammatikowo |
Stab II./JG 52 | 40 | 16 November 1944 | 14:03 | Yak-9 | PQ 8373Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north-northeast of Karcag |
6./JG 52 |
Шаблон:Center | 11 March 1944 | ~12:00 | Yak-1Шаблон:Sfn | Stab II./JG 52 | 41 | 17 November 1944 | 08:36 | Yak-9 | PQ 98464Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Jászberény |
6./JG 52 | |
21 | 13 March 1944 | 10:10 | Yak-7 | GrammatikowoШаблон:Sfn | Stab II./JG 52 | 42 | 17 November 1944 | 11:06 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | PQ 98433Шаблон:Sfn vicinity of Gyöngyös |
6./JG 52 |
Шаблон:Center | 21 March 1944 | ~15:00 | Yak-7Шаблон:Sfn | Stab II./JG 52 | 43 | 5 December 1944 | 10:51 | Yak-9 | vicinity of HatvanШаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | |
Шаблон:Center | 2 April 1944 | ~13:00 | P-40Шаблон:Sfn | Stab II./JG 52 | 44 | 5 December 1944 | 11:04 | Yak-9 | vicinity of HatvanШаблон:Sfn vicinity southeast of Hatvan |
6./JG 52 | |
22 | 30 May 1944 | 17:22 | P-39 | vicinity of HușiШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert south of Tudora |
6./JG 52 | 45 | 5 December 1944 | 13:34 | La-5 | PQ 98417Шаблон:Sfn vicinity southeast of Hatvan |
6./JG 52 |
23 | 31 May 1944 | 18:46 | P-39 | vicinity of HușiШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Tesanrani |
6./JG 52 | 46 | 5 December 1944 | 15:09 | Yak-9 | PQ 98444Шаблон:Sfn vicinity west of Tura |
6./JG 52 |
24 | 2 June 1944 | 14:54 | Yak-7 | PQ 78561Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Tudora |
6./JG 52 | Шаблон:Center | 8 December 1944 | ~15:00 | Yak-9Шаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | |
25 | 3 June 1944 | 16:24 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | vicinity of HușiШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert north of Iași |
6./JG 52 | 47 | 11 December 1944 | 11:56 | Yak-9 | PQ 88698Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert southwest of Budapest |
6./JG 52 |
26 | 4 June 1944 | 17:21 | P-39 | vicinity of HușiШаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Souleni |
6./JG 52 | 48 | 14 December 1944 | 10:25 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | PQ 88755Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert west-northwest of Stuhlweißenburg |
6./JG 52 |
Шаблон:Center | 6 June 1944 | ~13:00 | Yak-1Шаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | 49 | 22 December 1944 | ~14:00 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | vicinity of CsórШаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | |
Шаблон:Center | 6 June 1944 | ~13:00 | Yak-1Шаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | |||||||
– Claims with II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 52 –Шаблон:Sfn Eastern Front – 1 January – 16 April 1945 | |||||||||||
50 | 2 January 1945 | 12:30 | La-5 | south of GranШаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | 68 | 2 February 1945 | ~15:00 | La-5 | vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 |
51 | 2 January 1945 | 12:30 | Yak-9 | south of GranШаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | 69 | 4 February 1945 | ~16:00 | La-5 | vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 |
52♠ | 3 January 1945 | ~09:00 | Yak-9 | south of GranШаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | 70 | 4 February 1945 | ~16:00 | La-5 | vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 |
53♠ | 3 January 1945 | ~09:00 | Yak-9 | south of GranШаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | 71 | 1 March 1945 | ~13:00 | P-51 | vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn | 7./JG 52 |
54♠ | 3 January 1945 | ~09:00 | Yak-9 | south of GranШаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | Шаблон:Center | 8 March 1945 | ~16:00 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn | 7./JG 52 |
55♠ | 3 January 1945 | ~14:00 | La-5 | vicinity of BajnaШаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | 72 | 11 March 1945 | ~15:00 | Yak-9Шаблон:Sfn | 7./JG 52 | |
56♠ | 3 January 1945 | ~14:00 | Yak-9 | south of BajnaШаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | 73 | 13 March 1945 | ~10:00 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn | 7./JG 52 |
57 | 4 January 1945 | ~10:00 | La-5 | south of GranШаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | 74 | 13 March 1945 | ~16:00 | La-5 | vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn | 7./JG 52 |
58 | 6 January 1945 | 13:30 | La-5 | vicinity of BicskeШаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | 75 | 13 March 1945 | ~16:00 | La-5 | vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn | 7./JG 52 |
59 | 6 January 1945 | ~11:00 | La-5 | vicinity of GranШаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | 76 | 14 March 1945 | ~13:00 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn | 7./JG 52 |
60 | 16 January 1945 | ~14:00 | Yak-9 | vicinity of BudapestШаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | 77 | 14 March 1945 | ~17:00 | Boston | vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn | 7./JG 52 |
61 | 19 January 1945 | ~12:00 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | 78 | 16 March 1945 | ~17:00 | Yak-3 | vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn | 7./JG 52 |
62 | 20 January 1945 | ~16:00 | Boston | vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn vicinity of Veszprém |
6./JG 52 | 79 | 5 April 1945 | ~11:00 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | vicinity of ViennaШаблон:Sfn | 7./JG 52 |
63 | 22 January 1945 | 13:30 | La-5 | vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | 80 | 7 April 1945 | ~17:00 | Yak-3 | vicinity of ViennaШаблон:Sfn | 7./JG 52 |
64 | 22 January 1945 | 13:30 | La-5 | vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | 81 | 14 April 1945 | ~11:00 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | vicinity of ViennaШаблон:Sfn | 7./JG 52 |
65 | 22 January 1945 | ~16:00 | La-5 | vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | 82 | 14 April 1945 | ~13:00 | Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] | vicinity of ViennaШаблон:Sfn | 7./JG 52 |
66 | 22 January 1945 | ~16:00 | La-5 | vicinity of StuhlweißenburgШаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | 83 | 15 April 1945 | ~12:00 | Yak-9 | vicinity of LahШаблон:Sfn | 7./JG 52 |
67 | 30 January 1945 | ~13:00 | La-5 | vicinity of BudapestШаблон:Sfn | 6./JG 52 | 84 | 16 April 1945 | ~10:00 | Yak-9 | vicinity of LahШаблон:Sfn | 7./JG 52 |
Awards
- Iron Cross (1939)
- 2nd Class (8 January 1944)
- 1st Class (7 March 1944)
- Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe in Gold (22 March 1944)
- Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 19 June 1944 as Unteroffizier and pilotШаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn
- Wound Badge in Black (1 August 1944)
- German Cross in Gold on 30 November 1944 as Leutnant in the II./Jagdgeschwader 52Шаблон:Sfn
- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 20 April 1945 as Leutnant and pilot in the 5./Jagdgeschwader 52Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
Notes
References
Citations
Bibliography
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