Английская Википедия:Heinz Marquardt

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use American English Шаблон:Infobox military person

Heinz "Negus" Marquardt (29 December 1922 – 19 December 2003) was a German Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, the highest award in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. Marquardt was credited with 121 aerial victories—that is, 121 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft—with a further 16 unconfirmed victories in 320 combat missions. All but one of his victories were claimed over the Eastern Front.

World War II

Marquardt was born on 29 December 1922 in Braunsberg, present-day Braniewo in Poland, at the time in East Prussia a province of the Weimar Republic's Free State of Prussia.Шаблон:Sfn On 15 September 1941, he was posted to the Jagdfliegerschule 5 (JFS 5—5th fighter pilot school), stationed at the Le Havre – Octeville airfield in France. As of 1 February 1942, he served as a fighter pilot instructor and flew a number of operational sorties on the Channel Front with the operational squadron of JFS 5.Шаблон:Sfn

Eastern Front

On 1 August 1943, Marquard was transferred to the 11. Staffel (11th squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders" (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing) operating on the Eastern Front.Шаблон:Sfn His transfer to JG 51 occurred during the Soviet Belgorod-Kharkov Offensive Operation where it supported the 8th Army.Шаблон:Sfn The Staffel was commanded by Hauptmann Adolf Borchers and subordinated to IV. Gruppe of JG 51 headed by Major Hans-Ekkehard Bob.Шаблон:Sfn According to Obermaier, Marquardt claimed his first aerial victory on 2 October, shooting down an Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft.Шаблон:Sfn

On 22 June 1944, Soviet forces launched Operation Bagration, the strategic offensive operation against Army Group Centre. In consequence, IV. Gruppe was moved to Mogilev that day and to an airfield named Bayary located Шаблон:Convert northeast of Minsk and Шаблон:Convert east of Barysaw.Шаблон:Sfn Following the German retreat, the Gruppe moved to an airfield at Lida, which is Шаблон:Convert west of Minsk, on 3 July.Шаблон:Sfn On 14 August, Marquardt claimed a Yakovlev Yak-9 fighter near Osowiec Fortress. Later that day, IV. Gruppe retreated to an airfield at Tilsit, present-day Sovetsk located on the south bank of the Neman River. The next day, as part of the group expansion from three Staffeln per Gruppe to four Staffeln per Gruppe, 10. Staffel was re-designated and became the 13. Staffel while 11. Staffel became the 14. Staffel of JG 51.Шаблон:Sfn Marquardt was then transferred and served with 13. Staffel which was commanded by Leutnant Peter Kalden.Шаблон:Sfn On 28 August, IV. Gruppe moved to Modlin Airfield located approximately Шаблон:Convert northwest of Warsaw. Here, the Gruppe predominately flew combat missions to the area north and northeast of Warsaw. The next day, Marquardt claimed a Yak-9 fighter shot down northeast of Warsaw.Шаблон:Sfn On 10 September, Marquardt was awarded German Cross in Gold (Шаблон:Lang).Шаблон:Sfn Following a brief period of little combat in central Poland, Marquardt became an "ace-in-a-day" on 7 October, claiming two Il-2 ground-attack aircraft and a Douglas A-20 Havoc bomber, also known as Boston, on the first mission of the day.Шаблон:Sfn

Marquard and his Gruppenkommandeur (group commander), Hauptmann Heinz Lange, both received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Шаблон:Lang) on 18 November for 89 and 70 aerial victories respectively.Шаблон:Sfn On 14 April 1945, Marquardt was credited with his 100th aerial victory. He was the 102nd Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.Шаблон:Sfn On a transfer flight of new Focke-Wulf Fw 190 D-9 to his unit, he was credited with four aerial victories over Yakovlev Yak-3 on 25 April 1945.Шаблон:Sfn On 30 April, Marquardt accidentally ran his Fw 190 D-9 into a drainage ditch on a transfer flight. Due to lack of spare parts, the damage was not reparable and the aircraft was blown up to prevent it from falling to the enemy.Шаблон:Sfn

On 1 May 1945 Marquardt became Jagdgeschwader 51Шаблон:'s last casualty of the war when he was shot down by Royal Air Force Spitfires north of Berlin.Шаблон:Sfn Marquardt had led a flight of six Focke-Wulf Fw 190 D-9 on an escort mission of 12 Fw 190 F-8 ground attack aircraft from Redlin on a mission to Berlin. After completing the mission the aircraft returned to Schwerin. During the landing approach the flight came under attack of 6 Spitfire Mk XIV from No. 41 Squadron. Marquardt ordered his flight to cover the landing of the ground attack fighters while he and his wingman, Feldwebel Radlauer, attacked the Spitfires from below. Marquardt claimed one of the attackers but was shot down as well along with two other Fw 190s. Radlauer saw Marquardt's Fw 190 crash in flames but did not observe any sign of life. Marquardt was initially reported as killed in action but he had bailed out injured and was taken to a hospital in Schwerin, where he was taken prisoner of war shortly after.Шаблон:Sfn

Later life

Following World War II, Marquardt served in the newly established German Air Force of West Germany with the rank of Leutnant (Second Lieutenant) on 16 August 1956. He served with Jagdgeschwader 73 (JG 73—73rd Fighter Wing) and Leichtes Kampfgeschwader 42 (LeKG 42—42nd Light Combat Wing). Marquardt retired on 30 September 1973, having risen to the rank of Oberstleutnant (Lieutenant Colonel). Following his retirement, he became good friends with former Flight Lieutenant Peter Cowell who had shot him down on 1 May 1945. Marquardt died on 19 December 2003 in Hammersbach.Шаблон:Sfn

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Marquardt was credited with 121 aerial victories.Шаблон:Sfn His aerial victories were claimed on 320 combat missions.Шаблон:Sfn Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and state that Marquardt was credited with more than 121 aerial victories, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front.Шаблон:Sfn

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 34 Ost 39551". The Luftwaffe grid map (Шаблон:Lang) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about Шаблон:Convert. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area Шаблон:Convert in size.Шаблон:Sfn

Chronicle of aerial victories

Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend

Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location
– 11. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –Шаблон:Sfn
1 17 October 1943 09:32 Yak-1 southwest of St. BudnizaШаблон:Sfn 27 6 July 1944 10:25 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 65531Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northeast of Telchje
2 28 October 1943 06:40 Yak-1 west of PjatichatkiШаблон:Sfn 28 6 July 1944 10:29 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 65534Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Navahrudak
3 21 November 1943 09:50 Il-2 LoschkarewkaШаблон:Sfn 29 9 July 1944 19:13 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 54852Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east of Slonim
4 22 November 1943 14:32 Il-2 m.H.Шаблон:Refn PavlovskoyeШаблон:Sfn 30 9 July 1944 19:17 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 54845Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west of Baranavichy
5 11 December 1943 11:07 Yak-1 PQ 34 Ost 39551Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west Borovichi
31 17 July 1944 17:47 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 41881Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west of Brody
6 10 January 1944 11:19 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] PQ 25 Ost 80681Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southeast of Vinnytsia
32 20 July 1944 14:35 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 40565Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert south-southwest of Ternopil
7 10 January 1944 11:21 Yak-1 PQ 25 Ost 80681Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southeast of Vinnytsia
33 21 July 1944 14:49 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 50517Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east of Berezhany
8 9 April 1944 13:32 La-5 PQ 25 Ost 50731Шаблон:Sfn
southeast of Ternopil
34 24 July 1944 07:46 P-39 PQ 25 Ost 20265Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northeast of Sanok
9 29 April 1944 10:30 R-5 PQ 24 Ost 59354Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northeast of Kolomyia
35 31 July 1944 10:35 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 36859Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Kėdainiai
10 29 April 1944 10:31 R-5 PQ 24 Ost 59354Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northeast of Kolomyia
36 31 July 1944 13:16 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 46777Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west of Ukmergė
11 29 April 1944 10:32 R-5 PQ 24 Ost 59363Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east-northeast of Kolomyia
37 1 August 1944 06:23 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 35321Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northwest of Marijampolė
12 2 May 1944 05:44 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 40261Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert north of Zolochiv
38 1 August 1944 10:48 Il-2 PQ 25 Ost 35314Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Marijampolė
13 2 May 1944 05:45 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] PQ 25 Ost 50141Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northeast of Zolochiv
39 1 August 1944 10:58 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 35347Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west-northwest of Marijampolė
14 10 May 1944 07:10 R-5 PQ 24 Ost 59287Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northeast of Kolomyia
40 2 August 1944 08:00 Il-2 PQ 25 Ost 25429Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Blumenfeld
15 10 May 1944 07:11 R-5 PQ 24 Ost 59264Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northeast of Kolomyia
41 2 August 1944 08:02 Il-2 PQ 25 Ost 25438Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Blumenfeld
16 18 May 1944 08:20 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 50474Шаблон:Sfn
vicinity of Ternopil
42 4 August 1944 07:52 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 36599Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west of Kėdainiai
17 23 May 1944 11:09 La-5 PQ 25 Ost 50386Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west of Ternopil
43 5 August 1944 08:08 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 36731Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southeast of Nemakščiai
18 28 May 1944 06:35 La-5 PQ 25 Ost 50512Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east of Berezhany
44 5 August 1944 08:10 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 36729Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west-southwest of Kėdainiai
19 8 June 1944 11:20 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] PQ 25 Ost 50183Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert south-southeast of Brody
45 7 August 1944 13:30 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 25433Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Blumenfeld
20 8 June 1944 11:23 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] PQ 25 Ost 50164Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert south-southeast of Brody
46 8 August 1944 11:05 Yak-1 PQ 25 Ost 36544Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Nemakščiai
21 8 June 1944 11:30 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] PQ 25 Ost 50168Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east of Zolochiv
47 8 August 1944 11:10 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] PQ 25 Ost 36575Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southeast of Nemakščiai
22 17 June 1944 13:21 La-5 PQ 25 Ost 50882Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert south-southeast of Ternopil
48 8 August 1944 11:12 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] PQ 25 Ost 36573Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southeast of Nemakščiai
23 4 July 1944 20:55 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] PQ 25 Ost 65661Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Maladzyechna
49 9 August 1944 11:56 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 35388Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west-northwest of Marijampolė
24 4 July 1944 20:57 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] PQ 25 Ost 65623Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Maladzyechna
50 9 August 1944 14:51 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 35334Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert north of Marijampolė
25 4 July 1944 20:58 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] PQ 25 Ost 65622Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of Maladzyechna
51 9 August 1944 14:54 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1]?Шаблон:Refn PQ 25 Ost 25466Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west of Marijampolė
26 4 July 1944 20:59 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 65625Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert north of Maladzyechna
52 14 August 1944 10:55 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 24619Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northeast of Łomża
– 13. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –Шаблон:Sfn
53 16 August 1944 17:22 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 26627Шаблон:Sfn
vicinity of Nemakščiai
72?Шаблон:Refn 13 October 1944 09:26 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] PQ 25 Ost 03639Шаблон:Sfn
54 17 August 1944 10:51 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 26631Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east of Nemakščiai
73 13 October 1944 12:11 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 13511Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert north of Warsaw
55 17 August 1944 10:54 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] PQ 25 Ost 26635Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east of Nemakščiai
74 13 October 1944 15:26 Boston?Шаблон:Refn PQ 25 Ost 13517Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert north of Warsaw
56 29 August 1944 09:56 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 13523Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert north-northeast of Warsaw
75 15 October 1944 11:42 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 13573, JabłonnaШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert north of Warsaw
57 1 September 1944 13:44 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 13519Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert north-northeast of Warsaw
76 15 October 1944 11:46 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 13546Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert north of Warsaw
58 4 September 1944 17:18 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 13259Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert south of Ostrołęka
77 17 October 1944 14:52 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 13341Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Modlin
59 4 September 1944 17:21 Il-2 PQ 25 Ost 13219Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northwest of Ostrów
78 17 October 1944 14:53?Шаблон:Refn Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 03446Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east of Nasielsk
60 4 September 1944 17:25 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 13245Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northwest of Ostrów
79 19 October 1944 10:12 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 13344Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northeast of Nasielsk
61 5 September 1944 18:42 La-5 PQ 25 Ost 13344Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east of Nasielsk
80 19 October 1944 10:14 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 13347Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east of Nasielsk
62 11 September 1944 15:23 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 13722Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east of Warsaw
81 19 October 1944 10:15 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 13378Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east of Nasielsk
63 15 September 1944 12:26 P-39 PQ 35 Ost 03699Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert west of Warsaw
82 21 October 1944 15:15 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 13316Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northeast of Nasielsk
64♠ 7 October 1944 12:54 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] PQ 25 Ost 13373Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Modlin
83 23 October 1944 09:25 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] PQ 25 Ost 03493Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northwest of Warsaw
65♠ 7 October 1944 12:58 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] PQ 25 Ost 13348Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Modlin
84♠ 24 October 1944 08:40 P-39 PQ 25 Ost 03469Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Modlin
66♠ 7 October 1944 13:04 Boston PQ 25 Ost 13555Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Modlin
85♠ 24 October 1944 11:18 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 03498Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northwest of Warsaw
67♠ 7 October 1944 16:10 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 03461Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert southwest of Modlin
86♠ 24 October 1944 13:52 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] PQ 25 Ost 13171Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east of Ciechanów
68♠ 7 October 1944 16:11 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 03465Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east of Nasielsk
87♠ 24 October 1944 13:54 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] PQ 25 Ost 13147Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east of Ciechanów
69♠ 7 October 1944 16:14 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 03469Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east of Nasielsk
88♠ 24 October 1944 13:57 Il-2 m.H.[Note 1] PQ 25 Ost 13142Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northeast of Nasielsk
70♠ 7 October 1944 16:16 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 03463Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of Nasielsk
89 25 October 1944 12:23 Yak-9 PQ 25 Ost 13177Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northeast of Nasielsk
71♠ 7 October 1944 16:17 Il-2 PQ 25 Ost 03567Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Convert northeast of Warsaw
According to Mathews and Foreman, aerial victories 89 to 98 were not documented.Шаблон:Sfn The author Prien, Stemmer, Balke and Bock state that the aerial victory records of IV. Gruppe dated later than November 1944 are incomplete.Шаблон:Sfn
99 14 April 1945 09:00+ Yak-3 108 18 April 1945 Шаблон:Center Yak-3
100 14 April 1945 09:00+ Yak-3 109 18 April 1945 Шаблон:Center Il-2
101 15 April 1945 Шаблон:Center P-39 24 April 1945 Шаблон:Center Yak-3
102 15 April 1945 Шаблон:Center P-39 24 April 1945 Шаблон:Center Yak-3
103 15 April 1945 Шаблон:Center Yak-3 24 April 1945 Шаблон:Center Yak-3
104 16 April 1945 Шаблон:Center Yak-3 24 April 1945 Шаблон:Center Yak-3
105 16 April 1945 Шаблон:Center Yak-3 27 April 1945 Шаблон:Center Yak-3
106 18 April 1945 Шаблон:Center Il-2 120 29 April 1945 Шаблон:Center Il-2
107 18 April 1945 Шаблон:Center Yak-3 121 1 May 1945 Шаблон:Center Spitfire Lake Schwerin

Awards

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

Шаблон:Top German World War II Aces

Шаблон:Authority control Шаблон:Subject bar


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