Английская Википедия:Helen Burke, Countess Clanricarde

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox noble Helen Burke, Countess Clanricarde (née MacCarty; Шаблон:Circa – 1722), also styled Helen FitzGerald, was brought to France by her mother fleeing the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, against which her father, the 2nd Earl Muskerry, resisted to the bitter end. In France, she was educated at the abbey of Port-Royal-des-Champs together with her cousin Elizabeth Hamilton. She married three times. All her children were by her second husband, William Burke, 7th Earl of Clanricarde. She was the mother of Ulick Burke, 1st Viscount Galway, Margaret, Viscountess Iveagh, and Honora Sarsfield.

Birth and origins

Helen was probably born in the early 1640s,Шаблон:Efn probably at Macroom Castle, County Cork, Ireland, her parents' habitual residence. She was the eldest daughter of Donough MacCarty and his wife Eleanor Butler. At the time of Helen's birth, her father was the 2nd Viscount Muskerry, but he would be advanced to Earl of Clancarty in 1658.Шаблон:Sfn Her father's family were the MacCartys of Muskerry, a Gaelic Irish dynasty that branched from the MacCarthy-Mor line with Dermot MacCarthy, second son of Cormac MacCarthy-Mor, a medieval Prince of Desmond.Шаблон:Sfn This second son had been granted the Muskerry area as appanage.Шаблон:Sfn

Helen's mother was the eldest sister of James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond.Шаблон:Sfn Her mother's family, the Butler dynasty, was Old English and descended from Theobald Walter, who had been appointed Chief Butler of Ireland by King Henry II in 1177.Шаблон:Sfn Helen's parents were both Catholic. They had married before 1641.Шаблон:Sfn

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Helen had three brothers and one sister,Шаблон:Sfn which are listed in his father's article.

Irish wars

She was a child while her father, Lord Muskerry, commanded the Confederates' Munster army and fought the Parliamentarians in the Cromwellian Conquest of Ireland. He fought to the bitter end, surrendering Ross Castle near Killarney to Edmund Ludlow on 27 June 1652 and disbanding his 5000-strong army.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn He was allowed to embark to Spain. He lost his estates in 1652 with the Cromwellian Act of Settlement.Шаблон:Sfn Arriving in Spain he found that he was not welcome and returned to Ireland in 1653, where he was put on trial for the murder of English settlers in 1642. He was, however, acquitted.Шаблон:Sfn

Exile

Helen, aged about ten, her mother, her sister Margaret, and her brother Justin had fled to France already sometime before the fall of Ross Castle. Her mother lived with her sister Mary, Lady Hamilton, in the convent of the Feuillantines in Paris,Шаблон:Sfn and Helen was sent to boarding school at the abbey of Cistercian nuns of Port-Royal-des-Champs, near Versailles, together with her cousin Elizabeth Hamilton. This school had an excellent reputation and was ahead of its time by teaching in French rather than in Latin. She attended this school for seven or eight years.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The abbey also was a stronghold of Jansenism, a Catholic religious movement that insisted on earnestness and asceticism. In 1658 her father was created Earl of Clancarty by Charles II in Brussels, where he was then in exile.Шаблон:Sfn

Restoration and first marriage

At the Restoration her father returned to Ireland and recovered his estates in 1660Шаблон:Sfn and was confirmed in their possession in the Act of Settlement 1662.

Helen stayed behind in France at her convent. However, Jansenism was declared heretic for its stance on grace and original sin.Шаблон:Sfn Helen was forcibly removed from the abbey in 1661 and was accommodated by Louis Charles d'Albert de Luynes.Шаблон:Sfn

Her brother Charles, Viscount Muskerry, as he was now, attended the court in Whitehall together with his wife, who was ridiculed by Elizabeth Hamilton who had been together with her at school.Шаблон:Sfn

Helen MacCarty soon married Sir John FitzGerald, Lord of the Decies, seated at Dromana House near Villierstown, County Waterford, as his second wife. His first wife had been Katherine Power, second daughter of John Power, 5th Baron Power, of Curraghmore, whom he had married in 1658 and who had died on 22 August 1660.Шаблон:Sfn John and Katherine had had an only child, Katherine FitzGerald, Viscountess Grandison, who would marry Edward FitzGerald-Villiers and become the mother of John Villiers, 1st Earl Grandison.Шаблон:Sfn Helen's first marriage was childless and lasted only one or two years as Decies died in 1662.[1]

In 1665 her brother Charles, Lord Muskerry, was killed during the Second Anglo-Dutch War (1665–1667) in the Battle of Lowestoft, a naval engagement with the Dutch.Шаблон:Sfn

Second marriage

Her second marriage was to William Burke, 7th Earl of Clanricarde,Шаблон:Sfn which brought her the title of Countess of Clanricarde in the Peerage of Ireland.Шаблон:Sfn Clanricarde already had sons from a previous marriage, two of whom would succeed him as the 8thШаблон:Sfn and the 9th earls.Шаблон:Sfn

Шаблон:Anchor William and Helen had four children:Шаблон:Efn

  1. Ulick (1670–1691), created Viscount of Galway and slain at the Battle of Aughrim fighting for the JacobitesШаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn
  2. Margaret (1673–1744), married first Bryan Magennis, 5th Viscount Iveagh and then Thomas Butler of GarryrickenШаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn
  3. William, died childlessШаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn
  4. Honora (1674–1698), married first Patrick Sarsfield and then the Duke of BerwickШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn

She seems to have lived at Portumna Castle. At least it is known that her daughter Honora was born there.[2]

Her father, Lord Clancarty, died in London on 4 August 1665.Шаблон:Sfn Her husband Clanricarde died in 1687Шаблон:Sfn and was succeeded by his son Richard from his first marriage as the 8th Earl of Clanricarde. She was now about 46 years old. In 1689 her brother Justin lost the Battle of Newtownbutler against the Inniskilleners and was taken prisoner.Шаблон:Sfnp Her son Ulick was killed along with many senior Jacobite officers at the Battle of Aughrim in 1691.Шаблон:Sfn

Third marriage, death, and timeline

Helen married again, sometime between 1687 and 1700, to Colonel Thomas Burke. The marriage was childless.Шаблон:Sfn Her husband died in about 1719 and she died on 15 February 1721 at Kilcash Castle, the house of her daughter, Margaret.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Her substantial fortune was the subject of much legal dispute in succeeding generations.Шаблон:Sfn

Timeline
As her birth date is uncertain, so are all her ages.
Age Date Event
0 1641, estimate Born in Ireland, probably at Macroom Castle, County CorkШаблон:Efn
Шаблон:Age 1649, 30 Jan King Charles I beheaded.Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Age 1651, early Taken to France by her mother
Шаблон:Age 1652, about Sent to school at Port-Royal-des-Champs[3]
Шаблон:Age 1652, 27 Jun Father surrendered Ross Castle.[4]
Шаблон:Age 1658, 27 Nov Father created 1st Earl of Clancarty.
Шаблон:Age 1660, 29 May Restoration of King Charles IIШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Age 1660 Returned to England and Ireland with the Restoration
Шаблон:Age 1661, about Married 1st John Fitzgerald of DromanaШаблон:Efn
Шаблон:Age 1662 First husband died.[1]
Шаблон:Age 1665, 3 Jun Brother Charles killed in the Battle of Lowestoft, a naval engagement with the Dutch.[5]
Шаблон:Age 1665, 4 Aug Father died in London.Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Age 1669, estimate Married 2ndly William Burke, 7th Earl of Clanricarde as his 2nd wife[1]
Шаблон:Age 1670 Son Ulick born[6][7]
Шаблон:Age 1673 Daughter Margaret born[8]
Шаблон:Age 1674 Daughter Honora born, her last child[2]
Шаблон:Age 1685, 6 Feb Accession of King James II, succeeding King Charles IIШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Age 1687, Oct Second husband died.[9]
Шаблон:Age 1689, 13 Feb Accession of William and Mary, succeeding King James IIШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Age 1689, 31 Jul Brother Justin lost the Battle of Newtownbutler and was taken prisoner.[10]
Шаблон:Age 1691, 12 Jul Son Ulick slain at the Battle of Aughrim[11]
Шаблон:Age 1698, estimate Married 3rdly Colonel Thomas Bourke[12]
Шаблон:Age 1702, 8 Mar Accession of Queen Anne, succeeding King William IIIШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Age 1714, 1 Aug Accession of King George I, succeeding Queen AnneШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Age 1719, about Third husband died.[12]
Шаблон:Age 1722 Died at Kilcash CastleШаблон:Sfn

Notes and references

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist

Citations

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Sources

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Шаблон:Refend

Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок FOOTNOTECokayne1913[httpsarchiveorgdetailscompletepeerageo03cokapage233 233, line 2] не указан текст
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок FOOTNOTEBurke2005[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidLfg7ilbJhMYCpgPA21 21] не указан текст
  3. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок FOOTNOTEClark1921[httpsarchiveorgdetailsanthonyhamiltonh00claruoftpage8 8, line 16] не указан текст
  4. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок FOOTNOTEOhlmeyer2004[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_0198613857page107 107, right column] не указан текст
  5. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок FOOTNOTECokayne1913[httpsarchiveorgdetailscompletepeerageo03cokapage215 215] не указан текст
  6. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок FOOTNOTEBurke1832[httpsarchiveorgdetailsageneralandhera01burkgoogpagen304 249] не указан текст
  7. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок FOOTNOTELodge1789a[httpsarchiveorgdetailspeerageirelando00archgoogpagen182 138, line 13] не указан текст
  8. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок FOOTNOTELodge1789a[httpsarchiveorgdetailspeerageirelando00archgoogpagen182 138, line 27] не указан текст
  9. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок FOOTNOTECokayne1913[httpsarchiveorgdetailscompletepeerageo03cokapage233 233, line 5a] не указан текст
  10. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок FOOTNOTEWebb1878[httpsarchiveorgdetailsacompendiumiris00webbgoogpagen312 304, left column, line 23] не указан текст
  11. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок FOOTNOTEBoulger1911[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbattleofboynetog00boulpage243 243] не указан текст
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок FOOTNOTECokayne1913[httpsarchiveorgdetailscompletepeerageo03cokapage233 233, line 5b] не указан текст
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