Английская Википедия:Hemidactylus

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Шаблон:Short description

Шаблон:Automatic taxobox

Hemidactylus is a genus of the common gecko family, Gekkonidae.[1][2] It has 192[3] described species, newfound ones being described every few years. These geckos are found in all the tropical regions of the world, extending into the subtropical parts of Africa and Europe. They excel in colonizing oceanic islands by rafting on flotsam, and are for example found across most of Polynesia. In some archipelagoes, cryptic species complexes are found.[4] Geckos like to live in and out of houses. They have been introduced to Australia.Шаблон:Citation needed

This species is closely related to the genus Gehyra, which belongs to the same family in Gekkonidae.

The species are typically known as house geckos, due to their readiness to adapt to and coexist with humans, and can be easily encountered in human habitations.

Taxonomy

This genus was originally established by Lorenz Oken in 1817 for the species at that time known as Hemidactylus tuberculosus, and now described as the tropical house gecko (Hemidactylus mabouia).[4] The species name in turn comes from the Greek words Шаблон:Lang hemi "half" and Шаблон:Lang dáktylos "fingers" because its toes has split or "half" lamella underneath them.[5]

Evolution

The origin of the genus Hemidactylus is still unclear as the higher level phylogeny is not well resolved. Moreover, much of the diversity in this group still remains to be discovered.

Feces

A house gecko will usually confine its excretions to one area of a house. This is sometimes considered a nuisance by home owners, and may stain certain surfaces.[6] The feces are approximately five (5) millimeters in length, two (2) millimeters wide, and dark brown (almost black) in color.

Description

Файл:HemidactylusFeet.png
Foot upperside (left) and underside of the Oriental leaf-toed gecko (H. bowringii).

The dorsal lepidosis is either uniform or heterogeneous. The pupil of the eye is vertical. Males have pre-anal or femoral pores. Each finger or toe has a slender distal clawed joint, angularly bent and rising from within the extremity of the dilated portion.[7]

The fingers and toes are free, or more or less webbed, and dilated; underneath they bear twoШаблон:Citation needed rows of lamellae in a pattern resembling a paripinnate compound leaf.[7] This leads to their other and more ambiguous common name, "leaf-toed geckos", used mainly for species from South Asia and its surroundings to prevent confusion with the many "leaf-toed" Gekkota not in Hemidactylus.

Файл:Gecko feet.jpg
Underside of a leaf-toed Gecko.

Some members of the genus, such as H. platyurus, are able to run quadrupedally across water by a partially surface tension-dependent mechanism distinct from the bipedal gait of basilisks.[8]

Communication

Like many other gecko species, species in the genus Hemidactylus are able to communicate with distinct vocalizations. Depending on the species, their vocalizations range from quiet clicks to short squeaks and chirps. For example, the Asian common house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) is notable for its distinctive chirping.

Species

Файл:Hemidactylus frenatus.jpg
Juvenile Mediterranean house gecko (H. turcicus)
Файл:Hemidactylus turcicus.jpg
Juvenile Mediterranean house gecko (H. turcicus)
Файл:Hemidactylus dindigal full.jpg
Adult giant leaf-toed gecko (H. giganteus) from Dindigul (Tamil Nadu, India)
Файл:Indian house gecko.JPG
Common lizard in Chennai, India

Шаблон:Div col

Шаблон:Div col end

Phylogeny

The following phylogeny is from Pyron, et al. (2013),[13] and includes 47 Hemidactylus species. Hemidactylus is a sister group of Cyrtodactylus.[13] Шаблон:Clade

Similar genera

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Taxonbar Шаблон:Authority control

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Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:EMBL genus www.reptile-database.org. Accessed September 2023.
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 Boulenger, G.A. (1890). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xviii + 541 pp. (Genus Hemidactylus, p. 82). Fulltext at the Internet Archive
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  9. ↑ Angarwal I, Giri VB, Bauer AM (2011). "A new cryptic rock-dwelling Hemidactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from south India". Zootaxa 2765: 21–37. (Hemidactylus graniticolus, new species).
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. Шаблон:ISBN. (Hemidactylus greeffii, p. 107; Cyrtodactylus malcolmsmithi, p. 247).
  11. ↑ Шаблон:EMBL species www.reptile-database.org.
  12. ↑ Henle K, Böhme W (2003). "A new species of Hemidactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from West Africa, and comments on species hitherto confused with H. muriceus ". African Journal of Herpetology 52 (1) 23–38. (Hemidactylus pseudomuriceus, new species).
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 Pyron, R. Alexander; Burbrink, Frank T.; Wiens, John J. (2013). "A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes". BMC Evolutionary Biology 13 (1): 93. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-93
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