Английская Википедия:Henrietta Bruckman

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Шаблон:Use American English Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox person Henrietta Bruckman (Шаблон:Nee; April 1810 – April 1888) was founder of the first fraternal organization for Jewish women in the United States.Шаблон:RШаблон:R

Biography

Bruckman was born in Bohemia in 1810 and immigrated to the United States with her husband, the physician Dr. Philip Bruckman, around 1842.Шаблон:R They settled in New York City and quickly became active members of the city's German Jewish immigrant community, supporting charitable causes and taking part in the community's cultural activities.Шаблон:R Philip was a founder of the Mendelssohnian Society, a forerunner of the Jewish fraternal order B'nai B'rith.Шаблон:R

In 1846, Bruckman had the idea to form a female counterpart to B'nai B'rith to support Jewish women in the city. She approached several women from Congregation Emanu-El with her proposal, and convened a informal meeting at her house. This led to the creation on April 21 of the secret benevolent society "Unabhängiger Orden Treuer Schwestern" (Independent Order of True Sisters),Шаблон:R later known as the United Order of True Sisters (UOTS).Шаблон:R The first lodge was named Emanuel Lodge #1, and Bruckman was appointed its first president.Шаблон:R

Though B'nai B'rith was not open to women, the UOTS received support from several influential members of the organization, as well as from Emanu-El's minister, Rabbi Dr. Leo Merzbacher.Шаблон:R The UOTS adopted a secret ritual, degrees, regalia, and an emblem.Шаблон:R Its meetings were initially conducted entirely in German.Шаблон:R By the mid-1860s, a central Constitution Grand Lodge had been formed, and the organization had grown to include five other lodges across New York, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania.Шаблон:RШаблон:R