Английская Википедия:Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:EngvarB Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox noble

Файл:JindrichLancaster.jpg
Seal of Henry of Lancaster from the Barons' Letter of 1301, which he signed as Henricus de Lancastre, Dominus de Munemue (Henry of Lancaster, Lord of Monmouth). His shield couche shows the armorial of Plantagenet differenced by a bend azure.

Henry, 3rd Earl of Leicester and Lancaster (Шаблон:Circa – 22 September 1345) was a grandson of King Henry III of England (1216–1272) and was one of the principals behind the deposition of King Edward II (1307–1327), his first cousin.

Origins

He was the younger son of Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester,[1] a son of King Henry III by his wife Eleanor of Provence. The Earl Henry's mother was Blanche of Artois, Queen Dowager of Navarre. Through his mother, he was a half-brother of Queen Joan I of Navarre.

Henry's elder brother Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster, succeeded their father in 1296, but Henry was summoned to Parliament on 6 February 1298/99 by writ directed to Henrico de Lancastre nepoti Regis ("Henry of Lancaster, nephew of the king", Edward I), by which he is held to have become Baron Lancaster. He took part in the Siege of Caerlaverock in July 1300.

Petition for succession and inheritance

After a period of long-standing opposition to King Edward II and his advisors, including joining two open rebellions, Henry's brother Thomas was convicted of treason, executed and had his lands and titles forfeited in 1322. Henry did not participate in his brother's rebellions; he later petitioned for his brother's lands and titles, and on 29 March 1324 he was invested as Earl of Leicester.

A few years later, shortly after his accession in 1327, the young Edward III of England returned the earldom of Lancaster to him, along with other lordships such as that of Bowland. He may have inherited the Barony of Halton.Шаблон:Sfnp

Capture and custody of the King

On the Queen's return to England in September 1326 with Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, Henry joined her party against King Edward II, which led to a general desertion of the King's cause and overturned the power of Hugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of Winchester, and his son Hugh the younger.

Henry was sent in pursuit and captured the King at Neath in South Wales.Шаблон:Sfn He was appointed to take charge of the King and was responsible for his custody at Kenilworth Castle.Шаблон:Sfn

Full restoration and reward

Henry was appointed head of the regency council for the new king, Edward III,Шаблон:Sfn and was also appointed captain-general of all the King's forces in the Scottish Marches.[2] He was appointed Constable of Lancaster Castle and High Sheriff of Lancashire in 1327. He helped the young king put an end to Mortimer's regency and tyranny, having him declared a traitor and executed in 1330.Шаблон:Sfn

Later life and death

In about the year 1330, he became blind (Prestwich states Henry was going blind around 1329).Шаблон:Sfn

Henry spent the last fifteen years of his life at Leicester Castle. There he founded a hospital for the poor and infirm in an extension of the castle bailey. It became known as the Newarke, and Henry was buried in the hospital chapel when he died in 1345. The King and Queen attended his funeral. He was succeeded as Earl of Lancaster and Leicester by his eldest son, Henry of Grosmont, later first Duke of Lancaster. Henry had his father's remains moved to the collegiate Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady of the Newarke, which he had built when he enhanced his father's foundation.[3][4]

Файл:Trinity Hospital chapel.jpg
Trinity Hospital chapel in the Newarke, Leicester

Nickname

According to Jean Le Bel, he was nicknamed Wryneck, or Tors-col in French, possibly due to a medical condition.[5] Froissart repeated that statement in his Chronicles.

Issue

He married Maud Chaworth, before 2 March 1296/1297.Шаблон:Sfn

Henry and Maud had seven children:

Arms

Prior to his restoration to his earldoms, Henry bore the royal arms of King Henry III, differenced by a bend azure. Upon his restoration, his difference changed, to a label France of three points (that is to say a label of three points azure each charged with three fleur-de-lys or).[6]

Ancestry

[7] Шаблон:Ahnentafel

In fiction

Henry is a supporting character in Les Rois maudits (The Accursed Kings), a series of French historical novels by Maurice Druon. He was portrayed by Шаблон:Interlanguage link in the 1972 French miniseries adaptation of the series, and by Шаблон:Interlanguage link in the 2005 adaptation.[8]

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Шаблон:S-start Шаблон:S-hon Шаблон:S-bef Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-aft Шаблон:S-reg Шаблон:S-bef Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-aft Шаблон:S-end Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ Armitage-Smith, Sir Sydney, John of Gaunt: king of Castile and Leon, duke of Aquitaine and Lancaster, (Archibald Constable and Co. Ltd., 1904), pg 197.
  2. ↑ Burke, John, A general and heraldic dictionary of the peerages of England, Ireland, and Scotland, (Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley:London, 1831), 424.
  3. ↑ S.H. Skillington & Colin Ellis, Historical Guide To Leicester, (Leicester, 1933)
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Jean le Bel, Chronique, ed. J. Viard and E. Déprez, 2 vols. (Paris, 1904-1905), I, p. 20.
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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