Английская Википедия:Hermann von Eichhorn
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox military person
Шаблон:Lang (13 February 1848 – 30 July 1918) was a Prussian officer, later Шаблон:Lang during World War I. He was a recipient of Шаблон:Lang with Oak Leaves, one of the highest orders of merit in the Kingdom of Prussia and, subsequently, Imperial Germany. While serving as the military governor of Ukraine during the Russian Civil War, Eichhorn was assassinated by a Russian socialist.
Biography
Шаблон:Lang was born in Шаблон:Lang in the Province of Silesia (now Wrocław in Poland). His father Шаблон:Ill (1813-1892) was a politician. Both of his grandfathers were notable politicians.Шаблон:Cn[1] He joined the Prussian Army in 1866, and took part in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866,[2] and in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871. He won the Iron Cross second class during the Franco-Prussian War.[3] He rose through the ranks of the Prussian Army, being appointed chief of the staff of the VI Army Corps at Шаблон:Lang in 1897,[2] commanding the 9th Division from 1901 to 1904 and the XVIII Army Corps from 1904 to 1912.[4] In 1912 he took command of the 7th Army Inspection, the peacetime headquarters for the Imperial German XVI, XVIII, and XXI Army Corps.[5]
At the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, Шаблон:Lang was incapacitated because of an accident in May 1914, but he was able to play a part in the First Battle of Champagne, also known as the Battle of Soissons, at the beginning of 1915.[2] He became the commanding general of the 10th Army on 21 January 1915, and commanded it until 5 March 1918.[6] Under his command, the 10th Army engaged in the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes in East Prussia in February 1915. In August 1915, he took Kovno and afterwards the fortresses of Grodno and Olita, and continued his advance into Russia.[2] He received the Шаблон:Lang on 18 August 1915 and the oak leaves to the Шаблон:Lang on 28 September 1915.[7] On 30 July 1916, while remaining in command of the 10th Army, Шаблон:Lang became supreme commander of Army Group Eichhorn (Шаблон:Lang) based around 10th Army, which he commanded until 31 March 1918.[8] On 18 December 1917, Шаблон:Lang was promoted to Шаблон:Lang (field marshal). On 3 April 1918, he became supreme commander of Army Group Kyiv (Heeresgruppe Kiew) and simultaneously military governor of Ukraine.[9]
Death
Eichhorn was assassinated in Kyiv by a member of the Russian Party of Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, Boris Donskoy, who threw a bomb at the carriage carrying Eichhorn. Also killed was Eichhorn's adjutant, Walter von Dreßer. Donskoy was convicted of murder by a field military court and executed by hanging.
Eichhorn is buried in the Шаблон:Lang in Berlin.
Awards
- Iron Cross
- Файл:D-PRU EK 1914 2 Klasse BAR.svg 2nd Class (1871)
- Oak Leaves (1895)
- Clasp (1915)
- Файл:Планка железного креста 1 класс.png 1st Class
- Файл:RUS Order św. Stanisława (baretka).svg Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian Empire), 3rd Class (31 August 1871)
- Файл:PRU Order of Crown ribbon.svg Prussian Order of the Crown, 1st Class (17 January 1904)
- Файл:Großherzoglich Hessischer Verdienstorden - ribbon bar.png Order of Philip the Magnanimous, Grand Cross with Crown (8 September 1905)[10]
- Файл:PRU Roter Adlerorden BAR.svg Order of the Red Eagle, Grand Cross with Oak Leaves (20 August 1907)
- Файл:Ludwig Order (Hesse) - ribbon bar.png Ludwig Order, Grand Cross (15 September 1912)[10]
- Файл:D-PRU Pour le Merite 1 BAR.svg Шаблон:Lang (18 August 1915), with Oak Leaves (28 September 1915)
- Файл:D-SAX Militaer St-Heinrich Orden BAR.svg Military Order of St. Henry, Commander 2nd Class (25 October 1916)
Eichhorn was also awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Berlin on 18 February 1918.
Wilhelm II, German Emperor, decreed that one of the eight towers of Malbork Castle (Шаблон:Lang of the Teutonic Order) should be named after Eichhorn. Шаблон:Lang in the Marzahn-Hellersdorf district of Berlin was named after him during his lifetime.
Notes
External links
Шаблон:S-start Шаблон:S-mil Шаблон:S-new Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-aft Шаблон:S-end
- ↑ The philosopher Schelling was his maternal grandfather - Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 Шаблон:Cite EB1922
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Günter Wegner, Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Heere 1815–1939 (Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück, 1993), Bd. 1, pp. 82, 102
- ↑ Wegner, Stellenbesetzung, p.36
- ↑ Wegner, Stellenbesetzung, p.618
- ↑ pourlemerite.org
- ↑ Wegner, Stellenbesetzung, p.610
- ↑ Wegner, Stellenbesetzung, p.611.
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 Шаблон:Citation
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