Английская Википедия:Hesperotestudo
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Automatic taxobox
Hesperotestudo ("Western turtle") is an extinct genus of tortoise native to North and Central America (ranging as far south as Costa Rica[1]) from the Early Miocene to the Late Pleistocene.[2] Species of Hesperotestudo varied widely in size, with a large undescribed specimen from the Late Pleistocene of El Salvador reaching Шаблон:Cvt in carapace length, larger than that of extant giant tortoises.[3] Historically considered a subgenus of Geochelone, it is now considered to be distantly related to that genus. Its relationships with other tortoises are uncertain.[2] The exposed areas of the bodies of Hesperotestudo species were extensively covered with large dermal ossicles, which in life were covered in keratin. It has been suggested that species of Hesperotestudo were relatively tolerant of cold weather.[4] Hesperotestudo became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene roughly co-incident with the arrival of the first humans in North America. There is apparently a site in Florida where one individual may have been killed that some suggested were evidence of butchering, although others suggested that the turtle was neither cooked nor does a ledge that was found near it date at the same time as it.[3][5][6]
Taxonomy
Species list is based on Vlachos, 2018[2]
- † Hesperotestudo Williams 1950[7]
- †Hesperotestudo bermudae Meylan and Sterrer 2000[8] Bermuda, Middle Pleistocene c. 310,000 years before present (YBP) - shell length c. Шаблон:Convert[3][9]
- †Hesperotestudo crassiscutata (Leidy 1889)[10] Florida, Texas, Illinois, South Carolina, (possibly also El Salvador[1]) Middle-Late Pleistocene shell length c. Шаблон:Convert[3]
- †Hesperotestudo ducateli (Collins and Lynn, 1936) Calvert Formation, Maryland, Middle Miocene (Langhian–Serravallian)
- †Hesperotestudo gilbertii (Hay, 1899) Ogallala Formation, Kansas, Hemphillian, Late Miocene-Early Pliocene (Tortonian–Zanclean)
- †Hesperotestudo orthopygia (Cope, 1878) (syn= Xerobates cyclopygius Cope, 1878 =Caryoderma snovianum Cope, 1886 = Testudo rexroadensis Oelrich, 1952 = Geochelone nordensis Holman, 1973) Kansas, California, Nebraska, Late Miocene-Pliocene shell length c. Шаблон:Convert[11]
- †Hesperotestudo osborniana (Hay, 1905)(syn= Testudo arenivaga Hay, 1906 = Testudo farri Hay, 1908 = Testudo impensa Hay, 1908 = Testudo orthopygia angusticeps Matthew, 1924) Colorado, Nebraska, Montana, Early Miocene-Early Pliocene shell length up to Шаблон:Convert
- †Hesperotestudo turgida (Cope, 1892) (syn = Testudo incisa Hay, 1916a = Testudo riggsi Hibbard, 1944 = Testudo wilsoni Milstead, 1956 = Geochelone johnstoni Auffenberg 1962 = Geochelone alleni Auffenberg, 1966 = Geochelone oelrichi Holman, 1972a = Geochelone mlynarskii Auffenberg, 1988) Florida, Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas, Nebraska, Late Miocene-Late Pleistocene shell length c. Шаблон:Convert
- †Hesperotestudo williamsi (Auffenberg, 1964) Oakville Formation, Texas, Early Miocene (Burdigalian) shell length c. Шаблон:Convert
References
Шаблон:Portal Шаблон:Taxonbar Шаблон:Testudinidae
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Williams , E.E. 1950. Testudo cubensis and the evolution of Western Hemisphere tortoises. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 95:1–36.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Leidy, J. 1889. Description of vertebrate remains from Peace Creek, Florida. Transactions of the Wagner Free Institute of Science of Philadelphia 2:19–31.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- Английская Википедия
- Testudinidae
- Miocene turtles
- Pliocene turtles
- Pleistocene turtles
- Cenozoic reptiles of North America
- Prehistoric turtle genera
- Extinct turtles
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