Английская Википедия:Hexagonal trapezohedron

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox polyhedron

In geometry, a hexagonal trapezohedron or deltohedron is the fourth in an infinite series of trapezohedra which are dual polyhedra to the antiprisms. It has twelve faces which are congruent kites. It can be described by the Conway notation Шаблон:Mvar.

It is an isohedral (face-transitive) figure, meaning that all its faces are the same. More specifically, all faces are not merely congruent but also transitive, i.e. lie within the same symmetry orbit. Convex isohedral polyhedra are the shapes that will make fair dice.[1]

Symmetry

The symmetry a hexagonal trapezohedron is D6d of order 24. The rotation group is D6 of order 12.

Variations

One degree of freedom within D6 symmetry changes the kites into congruent quadrilaterals with 3 edges lengths. In the limit, one edge of each quadrilateral goes to zero length, and these become bipyramids.

Crystal arrangements of atoms can repeat in space with a hexagonal trapezohedral configuration around one atom, which is always enantiomorphous,[2] and comprises space groups 177–182.[3] Beta-quartz is the only common mineral with this crystal system.[4]

If the kites surrounding the two peaks are of different shapes, it can only have C6v symmetry, order 12. These can be called unequal trapezohedra. The dual is an unequal antiprism, with the top and bottom polygons of different radii. If it twisted and unequal its symmetry is reduced to cyclic symmetry, C6 symmetry, order 6.

Example variations
Type Twisted trapezohedra (isohedral) Unequal trapezohedra Unequal and twisted
Symmetry D6, (662), [6,2]+, order 12 C6v, (*66), [6], order 12 C6, (66), [6]+, order 6
Image
(n=6)
Файл:Twisted hexagonal trapezohedron.png Файл:Twisted hexagonal trapezohedron2.png Файл:Unequal hexagonal trapezohedron.png Файл:Unequal twisted hexagonal trapezohedron.png
Net Файл:Twisted hexagonal trapezohedron net.png Файл:Twisted hexagonal trapezohedron2 net.png Файл:Unequal hexagonal trapezohedron net.png Файл:Unequal twisted hexagonal trapezohedron net.png

Spherical tiling

The hexagonal trapezohedron also exists as a spherical tiling, with 2 vertices on the poles, and alternating vertices equally spaced above and below the equator.

Файл:Spherical hexagonal trapezohedron.svg

Related polyhedra

Шаблон:Hexagonal dihedral truncations

Шаблон:Trapezohedra

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Polyhedron-stub Шаблон:Polyhedron navigator