Английская Википедия:Hieraaetus
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Automatic taxobox
The genus Hieraaetus, sometimes known as small eagles or hawk-eagles, denotes a group of smallish eagles usually placed in the accipitrid subfamilies Buteoninae[1] or Aquilinae.[2]
They are generally medium-sized birds of prey inhabiting Europe, Asia, Africa, New Guinea and Australia. However, a recently extinct species, the New Zealand Haast's eagle, was the largest eagle ever known, weighing up to Шаблон:Convert, with a Шаблон:Convert wingspan.[3]
Taxonomy and species
The genus Hieraaetus was introduced in 1844 by the German naturalist Johann Jakob Kaup with the booted eagle as the type species.[4][5] The name combines the Ancient Greek hierax meaning "hawk" with aetos meaning "eagle".[6]
Molecular genetic research has found Hieraaetus to be polyphyletic with Aquila.Шаблон:RefnШаблон:RefnШаблон:Refn
Hieraaetus kienerii was found to be most distinct,[2][7] and has been assigned to a separate genus, Lophotriorchis.[8][9]
After DNA sequences from remains of the extinct giant Haast's eagle were found to be similar to those of the little eagle,[10] it has been reclassified from Harpagornis moorei to the genus Hieraeetus.[3]
The British Ornithological Union moved Bonelli's and booted eagles to Aquila in 2005, but was silent on the position of the non-European Ayres', little, and pygmy eagles.[11]
This could create a taxonomic problem: the booted eagle is the type species of Hieraaetus, moving it would make that name a junior synonym of Aquila. Consequently, should any other hawk-eagles be retained as a distinct group, they would need to get a different genus name. As of 2014, the BOU lists the booted eagle on their Category D and E lists as H. pennatus, not A. pennata.[12]
Christidis and Boles (2008) used an alternative approach. Accepting that both Aquila and Hieraaetus are polyphyletic, they moved spilogaster and fasciatus to the genus Aquila and retained the other former Hieraaetus group along with morphnoides and Aquila wahlbergi within the new delimitation of Hieraaetus.[13]
Sometimes the entire genus is merged into Aquila. This was the approach taken with The Clements Checklist between 2001 and 2009: starting in the 2001 revisions to the 5th edition,[14] and retained in the printed 6th edition of 2007.[15]
The Clements Checklist, in its 2009 revisions, followed the same approach as Christidis & Boles, moving Aquila wahlbergi into Hieraaetus; restoring the booted, little and Ayres' eagles back to Hieraaetus.[8]
The pygmy eagle, or New Guinea hawk-eagle, H. morphnoides weiskei was formerly considered a subspecies of the little eagle H. morphnoides; it has been recognized as a separate species by some authorities.[16]
The genus contains five species.[17]
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Файл:Aquila wahlbergi.jpg | Hieraaetus wahlbergi | Wahlberg's eagle | Africa |
| Файл:Ayres's Hawk-eagle flight mabira jan06.jpg | Hieraaetus ayresii | Ayres's hawk-eagle | Africa |
| Файл:Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN2245 (1).jpg | Hieraaetus pennatus | Booted eagle | Eurasia and Africa |
| Hieraaetus weiskei | Pygmy eagle | New Guinea | |
| Файл:African Cuckoo-Hawk (Aviceda cuculoides) in flight.jpg | Hieraaetus morphnoides | Little eagle | Australia |
Extinct species
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Файл:Giant Haasts eagle attacking New Zealand moa.jpg | †Hieraaetus moorei | Haast's eagle | New Zealand, extinct |
Former species
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Файл:African hawk-eagle (Aquila spilogaster).jpg | Aquila spilogaster (formerly H. fasciatus spilogaster or A. fasciatus spilogaster) |
African hawk-eagle | Sub-Saharan Africa excluding rainforests |
| Файл:Bonelli's Eagle - Montsonis - Spain S4E8373 (24849913309).jpg | Aquila fasciata (formerly H. fasciatus) |
Bonelli's eagle | Mediterranean and southern Asia |
| Файл:Rufous-bellied-hawk-eagle2.JPG | Lophotriorchis kienerii (formerly H. kienerii) |
Rufous-bellied eagle | Asia |
Some authorities retain Bonelli's eagle and the African hawk-eagle in Hieraaetus. Also, some retain Wahlberg's eagle in Aquila, whilst still recognizing Hieraaetus as a separate genus.
Notes
References
- Helbig AJ, Kocum A, Seibold I & Braun MJ (2005) A multi-gene phylogeny of aquiline eagles (Aves: Accipitriformes) reveals extensive paraphyly at the genus level. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35(1):147-164 PDFШаблон:Dead link
- Шаблон:Cite journal
Шаблон:Accipitrimorphae Шаблон:Taxonbar
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book Digitized copy
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite journal proof
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Jan Ove Gjershaug (2006) Taxonomy and conservation status of hawk-eagles (genus Nisaetus) in South-East Asia. Thesis. Norwegian University of Science and Technology Fulltext
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal PDF alternate location "Despite the fact that its sister group has not been identified so far, it is advisable to separate it from the genus Hieraaetus and treat it as a different genus. ... Therefore, we propose to give the monotypic species Hieraaetus kienerii the resurrected name Lophotriorchis Sharpe, 1874."
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Recommended in
Шаблон:Cite journal
Also summarized in
Шаблон:Cite journal - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Les Christidis & Walter E Boles (2008) Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO publishing. Шаблон:ISBN
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web (See also similar pages for the other species.)
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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