Английская Википедия:High-speed rail in Switzerland
High-speed rail in Switzerland consists of two new lines and three new base tunnels, including the world's longest railway and deepest traffic tunnel:[1] the Gotthard Base Tunnel whose length is Шаблон:Convert. Each of these tunnels have a technical maximum speed of Шаблон:Convert, which is reduced, at least in the Gotthard Base Tunnel and the Ceneri Base Tunnel, to a maximum authorized speed of Шаблон:Convert, for environmental and economic reasons.
The normal operating speed of passenger trains is limited to Шаблон:Convert, in order to accommodate freight traffic, but in case of delays, speeds up to Шаблон:Convert are possible.[2]
History
To address transalpine freight and passenger bottlenecks on its roads and railways, Switzerland launched the Rail 2000 and NRLA projects.
Rail 2000
The first stage of the Rail 2000 project finished in 2005, included a new high-speed rail track between Bern and Olten with an operating speed of Шаблон:Convert.
The second stage of Rail 2000, still in project, includes line upgrades in the Valais canton (Шаблон:Convert) and between Biel and Solothurn (also Шаблон:Convert).
NRLA project
New Railway Link through the Alps (NRLA; Шаблон:Lang-de, Шаблон:Lang-fr, Шаблон:Lang-it), is a Swiss construction project for faster north-south rail links across the Swiss Alps. It includes three completed base tunnels several hundred metres below the existing apex tunnels, the Шаблон:Convert Gotthard Base Tunnel, the Шаблон:Convert Lötschberg Base Tunnel, and the Шаблон:Convert Ceneri Base Tunnel.[3] The NRLA also includes the Zimmerberg Base Tunnel for which only Phase I has been completed, in 2003, with an operating speed of Шаблон:Convert, and Phase II remains in project.
NRLA project is building faster north-south tracks across the Swiss Alps by constructing base tunnels several hundred metres below the level of the current tunnels. The Шаблон:Cvt Lötschberg Base Tunnel opened in 2007 where New Pendolino trains run. The Шаблон:Cvt Gotthard Base Tunnel opened on 1 June 2016. The Шаблон:Cvt Ceneri Base Tunnel opened on 4 September 2020.
However, the slow speed of lines between the NRLA tunnels (Ceneri Base Tunnel, Gotthard Base Tunnel and Zimmerberg Base Tunnel to name but a few) means that the capacity of Zürich-Milan services will remain limited until the speeds can be increased, given the strong negative effect of mixed rail speeds on capacity.Шаблон:Cn
Rolling stock
The fastest Swiss train is the SBB RABe 501, nicknamed Giruno (Romansh for Buzzard). It is operated by the Swiss Federal Railways since May 2016. It only reaches its maximum speed of Шаблон:Convert in Italy, on the Swiss network it operates at a maximum of Шаблон:Convert.
The French-Swiss co-operation TGV Lyria and German ICE lines extend into Switzerland, the ICE 4 regularly operates at a maximum of Шаблон:Convert (between Olten and Bern), while the TGV never exceeds Шаблон:Convert, due to the lack of a high-speed track between Basel and Zurich.
The former Cisalpino consortium owned by the Swiss Federal Railways and Trenitalia used Pendolino tilting trains on two of its international lines. These trains are now operated by the Swiss Federal Railways and Trenitalia.
Network
| Line | Max speed | Operating speed (passenger) | Length | Construction began | Construction completed or start of revenue services |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mattstetten–Rothrist new line | Шаблон:Convert | Шаблон:Convert | 45 km | 1996 | 2004 |
| Solothurn-Wanzwil new line | Per section: | Per section: | 12 km | ? | 2004 |
| Lötschberg Base Tunnel | Шаблон:Convert | Шаблон:Convert | 35 km | 1994 | 2007 |
| Gotthard Base Tunnel | Technical:
Шаблон:Convert
Authorized: |
Normal:
Шаблон:Convert
|
57 km | 1999 | 2016 |
| Ceneri Base Tunnel | Technical:
Шаблон:Convert
Authorized: |
Normal:
Шаблон:Convert
|
15 km | 2006 | 2020 |
See also
- High-speed rail in Europe
- High-speed rail in Germany
- High-speed rail in Austria
- High-speed rail in France
- High-speed rail in Italy
- Rail transport in Switzerland
- History of rail transport in Switzerland
References
Шаблон:Switzerland-transport-stub
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