Файл:Conv1788tp.jpg Proceedings and Debates of the Convention of North Carolina in 1788
Файл:Samuel Johnston Bust.JPG Governor Samuel Johnston presided
The Hillsborough Convention , was the first of two North Carolina conventions to ratify the United States Constitution . Delegates represented 7 boroughs and 59 counties, including six western counties that became part of Tennessee when it was created in 1796. They met in Hillsborough, North Carolina from July 21 to August 4, 1788 to deliberate and determine whether to ratify the Constitution recommended to the states by the General Convention that had been held in Philadelphia the previous summer. The delegates had won their seats through special elections held in March 1788, as mandated by the North Carolina General Assembly .[1] Governor Samuel Johnston presided over the Convention.[2] The Hillsborough Convention was dominated by anti-Federalists, and North Carolina did not ratify the Constitution until the Fayetteville Convention , which met a year later.
Location
The convention was held in Hillsborough , North Carolina , at the St. Matthew's Episcopal (Church of England) Church. The church was located on lot 98 in Hillsborough. It was also the location of the third Provincial Congress of North Carolina of 1775 and the meeting place of the North Carolina Legislature in 1778, 1782 and 1783. The church was destroyed by fire before 1800s. A new structure was built on the site in 1814 and became the Hillsborough Presbyterian Church in 1816.[3] [4] [5]
Division
Key state Federalists were James Iredell Sr., William Richardson Davie , and William Blount . Anti-Federalist leaders included Willie Jones , Samuel Spencer , and Timothy Bloodworth . The Anti-Federalist delegates outnumbered their Federalist colleagues by a margin of two to one. The Federalists wanted to strengthen the powers of the federal government to help the country keep from dissolving. They argued that the powers granted to the federal government in the Articles of Confederation were not sufficient. On the other side, the Anti-Federalists were suspicious of the federal government and did not want self-rule to come under fire from a government that could intrude on state and individual rights. Knowing that they would likely lose, members of the Federalist minority brought a stenographer to the convention to record their arguments for publication in the hopes of changing public opinion in the future.[6]
Outcome
The debate resulted in the delegates voting 184 to 84 to neither ratify nor reject the Constitution. One of the major reasons for North Carolina not ratifying the Constitution was its lack of a Bill of Rights . The delegates, however, proposed a series of amendments to personal liberties and urged the new federal Congress to adopt measures to incorporate a bill of rights into the Constitution.[7] North Carolina would not join the Union until after it ratified the Constitution, more than a year later, at the November 1789 Fayetteville Convention .[8] [9] [10] [11]
Delegates
Файл:NCG-RichardSpaight.jpg Richard Dobbs Spaight, Craven County delegate
Файл:William Richardson Davie - Charles Willson Peale (full portrait) (frame cropped).jpg William Richardson Davie, Halifax delegate
Файл:Governor Benjamin Smith.jpg later Gov. Benjamin Smith, Brunswick delegate
Файл:WillieJonesNC.jpg Willie Jones, Halifax delegate
Файл:NCG-BenjaminWilliams.jpg Benjamin Williams, Craven delegate
Файл:William-lenoir-by-oertel.jpg William Lenoir, Wilkes delegate
Файл:General Joseph Graham.jpg Joseph Graham, Mecklenburg delegate
Файл:James Kenan.jpg James Kenan, Duplin delegate
Файл:JosephMcDowellJr.jpg Joseph McDowell, Jr, Burke delegate
Файл:Richard Caswell (governor).jpg Richard Caswell, Dobbs delegate
Файл:JamesIredell.jpg James Iredell, Edenton delegate
There were 294 known delegates from the 59 counties and seven boroughs of North Carolina. Some counties (Greene, Sullivan, Sumner, Tennessee, Washington) later became part of the state of Tennessee in 1796.[12] [13] The election of delegates from Dobbs County was declared invalid because of violence that led to the loss of the ballot box.[14] [15]
Governor Samuel Johnston was the President of the Convention. While his home was in Chowan County, he represented Perquimans County in the Convention. John Hunt was the secretary and James Taylor was the assistant secretary of the Convention. The doorkeepers of the convention were William Murfree , Peter Gooding , Nicholas Murfree , and James Mulloy .[15]
Order
County or Borough
Delegate
Yeas
Nays
1
Perquimans
Johnston, Samuel , Esq., President
x
2
Borough of Edenton
Iredell, James
x
3
Borough of Wilmington
Maclaine, Archibald
x
4
Beaufort
Keais, Nathan
x
5
Beaufort
Blount, John G.
x
6
Beaufort
Alderson, Thomas
x
7
Bertie
Johnston, John
x
8
Bertie
Oliver, Andrew
x
9
Bladen
Elleston, Goodwin
x
10
Burke
McDowell, Charles
x
11
Craven
Spaight, Richard Dobbs
x
12
Bertie
Dawson, William Johnston
x
13
Cumberland
Porterfield, James
x
14
Cumberland
Grove, William Barry
x
15
Cumberland
Elliott, George
x
16
Carteret
Styron, Willis
x
17
Carteret
Shepperd, William
x
18
Currituck
Phillips, James
x
19
Currituck
Humphries, John
x
20
Chowan
Payne, Michael
x
21
Chowan
Johnson, Charles
x
22
Chowan
Cabarrus, Stephen
x
23
Chowan
Blount, Edmund
x
24
Camden
Abbot, Henry
x
25
Camden
Gregory, Isaac
x
26
Camden
Dauge, Peter
x
27
Camden
Grandy, Charles
x
28
Camden
Sawyer, Enoch
x
29
Chatham
Lucas, George
x
30
Robeson
Willis, John
x
31
Robeson
Cade, John
x
32
Robeson
Barnes, Elias
x
33
Robeson
Brown, Neil
x
34
Sumner
Winchester, James
x
35
Sumner
Stokes, William
x
36
Tyrrell
Stuart, Thomas (sometimes Stewart)
x
37
Tyrrell
Collins, Josiah
x
38
Wake
Hines, Thomas
x
39
Wake
Jones, Nathaniel
x
40
Borough of Salisbury
Steele, John
x
41
Borough of Halifax
Davie, William Richardson
x
42
Gates
Riddick, Joseph
x
43
Gates
Gregory, James
x
44
Gates
Hunter, Thomas
x
45
Hertford
Wyns, Thomas
x
46
Hyde
Jones, Abraham
x
47
Hyde
Eborne, John
x
48
Hyde
Jasper, James
x
49
Hyde
Foreman, Caleb
x
50
Hyde
Hovey, Seth (Harvey)
x
51
Lincoln
Sloan, John
x
52
Lincoln
Moore, John
x
53
Lincoln
Maclaine, William
x
54
Martin
Mayo, Nathan
x
55
Martin
Slade, William
x
56
Martin
McKenzie, William
x
57
Mecklenburg
Irwin, Robert
x
58
Pasquotank
Lane, John
x
59
Pasquotank
Reading, Thomas
x
60
Pasquotank
Everegain, Edward
x
61
Pasquotank
Relfe, Enoch
x
62
Pasquotank
Davis, Devotion
x
63
Perquimans
Skinner, William
x
64
Perquimans
Skinner, Joshua
x
65
Perquimans
Harvey, Thomas
x
66
Perquimans
Skinner, John
x
67
Hertford
Harrel, Samuel
x
68
Craven
Leech, Joseph
x
69
Johnston
Bridges, William (Bridger)
x
70
Carteret
Burden, William
x
71
Tyrrell
Blount, Edmund
x
72
Tyrrell
Spruill, Simeon
x
73
Bertie
Turner, David [15] [16]
x
74
Martin
Hill, Whitmell
x
75
Brunswick
Smith, Benjamin
x
76
Borough of New Bern
Sitgreaves, John
x
77
Chowan
Allen, Nathaniel
x
78
Bladen
Owen, Thomas
x
79
Hertford
Wyns, George
x
80
Pitt
Perkins, David
x
81
Currituck
Ferebee, Joseph
x
82
Currituck
Ferebee, William
x
83
Gates
Baker, William
x
84
Craven
Neale, Abner
x
85
Halifax
Jones, Willie
x
86
Anson
Spencer, Samuel
x
87
Anson
Lanier, Lewis
x
88
Anson
Wade, Thomas
x
89
Anson
Gould, Daniel
x
90
Beaufort
Bonner, James
x
91
Brunswick
Forster, Alexius M.
x
92
Brunswick
Dupree, Lewis
x
93
Bladen
Brown, Thomas
x
94
Burke
Greenlee, James
x
95
Burke
McDowell, Joseph "Pleasant Gardens"
x
96
Burke
Miller, Robert
x
97
Craven
Williams, Benjamin
x
98
Craven
Nixon, Richard
x
99
Cumberland
Armstrong, Thomas
x
100
Cumberland
McAllister, Alexander (McCallister)
x
101
Caswell
Dickins, Robert
x
102
Caswell
Roberts, George
x
103
Caswell
Womack, John
x
104
Chatham
Ramsey, Ambrose
x
105
Chatham
Anderson, James
x
106
Chatham
Stewart, Joseph
x
107
Chatham
Vestal, William
x
108
Davidson
Evans, Thomas
x
109
Davidson
Hardiman, Thomas
x
110
Davidson
Weakley, Robert
x
111
Davidson
Donaldson, William
x
112
Davidson
Dobins, William (Dobbin)
x
113
Edgecombe
Digges, Robert
x
114
Edgecombe
Bell, Bythel
x
115
Edgecombe
Battle, Elisha
x
116
Edgecombe
Fort, William
x
117
Edgecombe
Gray, Ethelred
x
118
Franklin
Lancaster, William
x
119
Franklin
Sherrod, Thomas
x
120
Franklin
Norwood, John
x
121
Pitt
Dupree, Sterling
x
122
Pitt
Williams, Robert
x
123
Pitt
Moye, Richard
x
124
Pitt
Forbes, Arthur
x
125
Guilford
Caldwell, David
x
126
Guilford
Goudy, William (Gowdy)
x
127
Guilford
Gillespie, Daniel
x
128
Guilford
Anderson, John
x
129
Guilford
Hamilton, John
x
130
Granville
Person, Thomas
x
131
Granville
Taylor, Joseph
x
132
Granville
Yancey, Thornton
x
133
Granville
Lewis, Howell, Jun.
x
134
Granville
Mitchell, Elijah
x
135
Rutherford
Moore, George
x
136
Rutherford
Ledbetter, George
x
137
Rutherford
Porter, William
x
138
Randolph
Wood, Zebedee
x
139
Randolph
Waddill, Edmund
x
140
Rockingham
Galloway, James
x
141
Robeson
Regan, John
x
142
Surry
Winston, Joseph
x
143
Surry
Gains, James
x
144
Surry
McAnnelly, Charles
x
145
Surry
Bostick, Absalom (Bostwick)
x
146
Sullivan
Scott, John
x
147
Sullivan
Dunkin, John
x
148
Sampson
Dodd, David
x
149
Sampson
Ivey, Curtis
x
150
Sampson
Holmes, Lewis
x
151
Sampson
Clinton, Richard
x
152
Sampson
Holmes, Hardy
x
153
Washington
Alison, Robert (Alison)
x
154
Washington
Stuart, James (Stewart)
x
155
Washington
Tipton, John
x
156
Warren
Macon, John
x
157
Warren
Christmass, Thomas
x
158
Warren
Montfort/Montford, Henry
x
159
Wayne
Taylor, William
x
160
Wayne
Handley, James
x
161
Wake
Saunders, Brittain (Sanders)[15]
x
162
Wilkes
Lenoir, William
x
163
Wilkes
Allen, Richard
x
164
Wilkes
Brown, John
x
165
Wilkes
Herndon, Joseph
x
166
Wilkes
Fletcher, James
x
167
Hertford
Burkit, Lemuel
x
168
Hertford
Little, William
x
169
Hawkins
King, Thomas
x
170
Jones
Bryan, Nathan
x
171
Jones
Bryan, John Hill
x
172
Jones
Whitty, Edward
x
173
Lincoln
Alexander, Robert
x
174
Lincoln
Johnson, James
x
175
Moore
Cox, John
x
176
Moore
Carrel, John
x
177
Moore
Doud, Cornelius
x
178
Moore
Tyson, Thomas
x
179
Moore
Martin, William
x
180
Martin
Hunter, Thomas
x
181
Mecklenburg
Graham, Joseph (John?)
x
182
Montgomery
Loftin, William
x
183
Montgomery
Kindall, William
x
184
Montgomery
Ussory, Thomas
x
185
Montgomery
Butler, Thomas
x
186
Northampton
Bendford, John (Bentford)
x
187
Northampton
Vaughan, James
x
188
Northampton
Peebles, Robert
x
189
Northampton
Vinson, James
x
190
Nash
Marnes, William S.
x
191
Nash
Ellin, Howell
x
192
Nash
Bunn, Redman
x
193
Nash
Bonds, John
x
194
Nash
Pridgen, David
x
195
Onslow
Yates, Daniel
x
196
Onslow
Johnston, Thomas
x
197
Onslow
Spicer, John , Jr.
x
198
Borough of Hillsboro
Tatom, Abasalom
x
199
Orange
Mebane, Alexander
x
200
Orange
Mebane, William
x
201
Orange
McCauley, William
x
202
Orange
Shepperd, William
x
203
Orange
Lindley, Jonathan
x
204
Warren
Hawkins, Wyatt
x
205
Warren
Payne, James
x
206
Caswell
Graves, John
x
207
Washington
Blair, John
x
208
Washington
Tipton, Joseph
x
209
Rockingham
Bethell, William
x
210
Rockingham
Phillips, Abraham
x
211
Rockingham
May, John
x
212
Rockingham
Galloway, Charles
x
213
Caswell
Bowell, James
x
214
Richmond
McAllister, John (McAllastar)
x
215
Sullivan
Looney, David
x
216
Sullivan
Sharpe, John
x
217
Bladen
Gaitier, Joseph
x
218
New Hanover
Campbell, John A.
x
219
New Hanover
Williams, John Pugh
x
220
Hawkins
Marshall, William
x
221
Richmond
Robinson, Charles
x
222
Duplin
Gillespie, James
x
223
Duplin
Ward, Charles
x
224
Jones
Randal, William
x
225
Jones
Hargett, Frederick
x
226
Wayne
McKinnie, Richard
x
227
Brunswick
Cains/Caims, John
x
228
Brunswick
Leonard, Jacob
x
229
Rowan
Carson, Thomas
x
230
Rutherford
Singleton, Richard
x
231
Rutherford
Whiteside, James
x
232
Mecklenburg
Phifer, Caleb
x
233
Mecklenburg
Wilson, Zachias
x
234
Mecklenburg
Douglas, Joseph
x
235
Randolph
Dougan, Thomas
x
236
Duplin
Kenan, James
x
237
Halifax
Jones, John
x
238
Halifax
Haywood, Egbert
x
239
Halifax
Wooten, William
x
240
Halifax
Branch, John
x
241
Franklin
Hill, Henry
x
242
Wayne
Bass, Andrew
x
243
Johnston
Boon, Joseph
x
244
Johnston
Farmer, William
x
245
Johnston
Bryan, John
x
246
Richmond
Williams, Edward
x
247
Duplin
Oliver, Francis
x
248
Surry
Brooks, Matthew
x
249
Rowan
Rutherford, Griffith
x
250
Rowan
Barringer, George Henry
x
251
New Hanover
Bloodworth, Timothy
x
252
Johnston
Pearce, Everet
x
253
Greene
Rawlings, Asabel
x
254
Greene
Wilson, James
x
255
Greene
Roddy, James
x
256
Bladen
Cain, Samuel
x
257
Richmond
Covington, Benjamin
x
258
Burke
McDowall, Joseph, Jr.
x
259
Franklin
Hall, Durham
x
260
New Hanover
Bloodworth, James
x
261
Wake
Lane, Joel
x
262
Wake
Hinton, James
x
263
New Hanover
Devane, Thomas
x
264
Rowan
Brandon, James (Brannon)
x
265
Duplin
Dickson, William (Dicks)
x
266
Wayne
Mooring, Burwell
x
267
Rowan
Locke, Matthew (Lock)
x
268
Hawkins
Donelson, Stokely
x
269
Anson
Wood, Frame [15]
270
Carteret
Wallace, David [15]
271
Carteret
Borden, Thomas, Jr. [15]
272
Borough of Fayetteville
Ingram, John [15]
273
Dobbs
Caswell, Richard [15]
274
Dobbs
Glasgow, James [15]
275
Dobbs
Caswell, Winston [15]
276
Dobbs
Sheppard, Bennett [15]
277
Dobbs
Lassiter, Nathan (Lasseter)[15]
278
Montgomery
McDondald, James [15]
279
New Hannover
Huske, John [15]
280
Northampton
Peterson, John [15]
281
Onslow
Snead, Robert W. (Sneed)[15]
282
Onslow
Starkey, Edward [15]
283
Randolph
Hanley, Jeff [15]
284
Randolph
Bowdon, William [15]
285
Sullivan
Martin, Joseph [15]
286
Sumner
Smith, Daniel [15]
287
Sumner
Wilson, David [15]
288
Sumner
Douglass, Edward [15]
289
Tennessee
Montgomery, John [15]
290
Tennessee
Drew, John [15]
291
Tennessee
Johnston, Thomas [15]
292
Tennessee
Blount, William [15]
293
Tennessee
Menees, Benjamin [15]
294
Tyrrell
Spruill, Hezekiah [15]
See also
Файл:Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States.jpg Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States , signing is Richard Dobbs Spaight, behind him is William Blount and Hugh Williamson
References
Шаблон:Reflist
Additional sourcing:
External links
Шаблон:US Constitution
Шаблон:North Carolina State Legislatures
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↑ Шаблон:Cite web
↑ Шаблон:Cite web
↑ Шаблон:Cite web
↑ Шаблон:Cite news
↑ Шаблон:Cite web
↑ Шаблон:Cite web
↑ Шаблон:Cite book
↑ Шаблон:Cite web
↑ John C. Cavanaugh, Decision at Fayetteville (Raleigh, 1989)
↑ William Price, Jr., "’There Ought to Be a Bill of Rights’: North Carolina Enters a New Nation," in The Bill of Rights and the States, ed. Patrick T. Conley and John Kaminski (Lanham, Maryland, 1992)
↑ Louise Irby Trenholme, The Ratification of the Federal Constitution in North Carolina (Columbia, Missouri, 1932)
↑ Шаблон:Cite web
↑ Counties were not listed for the delegates in the minutes, so the 1904 Manual was used.
↑ Шаблон:Cite web
↑ 15,00 15,01 15,02 15,03 15,04 15,05 15,06 15,07 15,08 15,09 15,10 15,11 15,12 15,13 15,14 15,15 15,16 15,17 15,18 15,19 15,20 15,21 15,22 15,23 15,24 15,25 15,26 15,27 15,28 15,29 Шаблон:Cite book
↑ Minutes say Tanner vice Turner as in Manual