Английская Википедия:Hindu reform movements
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:More footnotes Шаблон:EngvarB Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Hinduism small Contemporary groups, collectively termed Hindu reform movements, reform Hinduism,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Neo-Hinduism,Шаблон:Sfn or Hindu revivalism, strive to introduce regeneration and reform to Hinduism, both in a religious or spiritual and in a societal sense.Шаблон:Sfn The movements started appearing during the Bengali Renaissance.Шаблон:Sfn
History
From the 18th century onward India was being colonialised by the British. This colonialisation had a huge impact on Indian society, where social and religious leaders tried to assimilate the western culture and modernise Hindu culture.Шаблон:Sfn
Social reform movements
In social work, Swami Vivekananda, Dayananda Saraswati, Mahatma Gandhi, Vinoba Bhave, Baba Amte and Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar have been most important. Sunderlal Bahuguna created the chipko movement for the preservation of forestlands according to the Hindu ecological ideas.[1] The less accessible Vedas were rejected and parallel Vachanas were compiled.[2]
Religious movements
Brahmo Samaj
The Brahmo Samaj is a social and religious movement founded in Kolkata in 1828 by Raja Ram Mohan Roy. The Brahmo Samaj movement thereafter resulted in the Brahmo religion in 1850 founded by Debendranath Tagore, better known as the father of Rabindranath Tagore.Шаблон:Sfn
Brahmo Samaj of South India
The faith and Principles of Brahmo Samaj had spread to South Indian states like Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Kerala with many followers.
In Kerala the faith and principles of Brahmosamaj and Raja Ram Mohun Roy had been propagated by Ayyathan Gopalan, and reform activities had been led by establishing Brahmosamaj in 1898 in the Calicut (now Kozhikode) region. Gopalan was a doctor by profession, but dedicated his life to Brahmosamaj, and was an active executive member of the Calcutta Sadharan Brahmosamaj until his death.Шаблон:Sfn[3][4][5][6]Шаблон:Sfn[7][8]
Arya Samaj
The Arya Samaj is a monotheistic Hindu reform movement founded in India by Maharshi Dayananda in 1875 at Bombay. He was an ascetic who believed in the infallible authority of the Vedas.[9]
It aimed to be a universal structure based on the authority of the Vedas. Dayananda stated that he wanted 'to make the world noble', i.e., to return Hinduism to its universality of the Vedas. To this end, the Arya Samaj started Shuddhi movement in early 20th century to bring back Hinduism to people converted to Islam and Christianity, set up schools and missionary organisations, and extended its activities outside India. Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of India in his book, The Discovery of India credits Arya Samaj in introducing proselytization in Hinduism.[10]
Ramakrishna Movement
Шаблон:Main Swami Vivekananda was a central personality in the development of another stream of Hinduism in late 19th century and the early 20th century that reconciled the devotional (bhakti-märga) path of his guru Sri Ramakrishna (of the Puri dashanami sampradäya) with the gnana märga (path of knowledge). His ideals and sayings have inspired numerous Indians as well as non-Indians, Hindus as well as non-Hindus. Among the prominent figures whose ideals were very much influenced by them were Rabindranath Tagore, Gandhi, Subhas Bose, Satyendranath Bose, Megh Nad Saha, Sister Nivedita, and Sri Aurobindo.[11][12]
See also
- Ayyathan Gopalan
- Bengal Renaissance
- Contemporary Sant Mat movements
- List of Hindu organisations
- Hinduism in the West
- Hindu nationalism
References
Sources
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
- Шаблон:Citation
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Citation
- Шаблон:Citation
- Шаблон:Citation
- J. Zavos, Defending Hindu Tradition: Sanatana Dharma as a Symbol of Orthodoxy in Colonial India, Religion (Academic Press), Volume 31, Number 2, April 2001, pp. 109–123.
- Ghanshyam Shah, Social Movements in India: A Review of the Literature, New Delhi, Sage India, 2nd ed. (2004) Шаблон:ISBN
External links
- Experiences of Struggles Against untouchability in Tamil Nadu
- Forum to fight against untouchability
- Dalits given entry into Tamil Nadu temple after decades
Шаблон:Hindu reform movements Шаблон:New Religious Movements Шаблон:PaganismШаблон:Authority control
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Dalit: The Downtrodden of India. Himansu Charan Sadangi. Isha books. 2008.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Hastings J. and Selbi J. (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics Kessinger 2003 part 3. p. 57. Шаблон:ISBN
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web