Английская Википедия:Hinduism in India

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Hinduism is the largest religion in India. According to the 2011 Census of India, 966.3 million people identify as Hindu, representing 79.8% of the country's population. India contains 94% of the global Hindu population. The Indian subcontinent is the birthplace of four of the world's major religions: namely Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—collectively known as Indian religions that believe Moksha is the most supreme state of the Ātman (soul). The vast majority of Indian Hindus belong to Shaivite and Vaishnavite denominations. India is one of the three countries in the world (Nepal and Mauritius being the other two) where Hinduism is the dominant religion.

History of Hinduism

Шаблон:MainThe Vedic culture developed in India in Шаблон:BCE and Шаблон:BCE. After this period, the Vedic religion merged with local traditions and the renouncer traditions, resulting in the emergence of Hinduism, which has had a profound impact on India's history, culture and philosophy. The name India itself is derived from Sanskrit Sindhu, the historic local appellation for the Indus River.

India saw the rule of both Hindu and Muslim rulers from Шаблон:Circa to Шаблон:CE. The fall of Vijayanagara Empire to Muslim sultans had marked the end of Hindu dominance in the Deccan. Hinduism once again rose to political prestige, under the Maratha Empire.

Partition of India

Шаблон:Main The 1947 Partition of India gave rise to bloody rioting and indiscriminate inter-communal killing of Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs across the Indian subcontinent, specially in Punjab region. As a result, an estimated 7.2 million Hindus and Sikhs moved to India and 7.5 million Muslims moved to Pakistan permanently, leading to demographic change of both the nations to a certain extent.

Hindu population decline in South Asian continent

Hinduism dropped from 72% in British Raj of 1891 to 69% in 1921. In 1941 British census, Hindus comprised 69.5% of Undivided India. It further declined to 66% in Undivided India since Muslims would make 31% of Undivided India's population in 2023 if not patritioned.

Demographics

The Hindu population has increased more than three times from 303,675,084 in 1951 to 966,257,353 in 2011, but the Hindu percentage share of total population has declined from 84.1% in 1951 to 79.8% in 2011. When India achieved independence in 1947, Hindus formed 84% of the total population and pre-Partition British India had 73% of Hindus. Шаблон:Historical populations

Hindu population by States and Territories

Файл:India Hindu district map 2011.png

Percentage of Hindus in each district. Data derived from 2011 census.

Hindu population by state / UT, according to the 2011 census

Region	Hindus	Total	% Hindus
India	966,257,353	1,210,854,977	79.80%
Himachal Pradesh	6,532,765	6,864,602	95.17%
Dadra and Nagar Haveli	322,857	343,709	93.93%
Odisha	39,300,341	41,974,218	93.63%
Chhattisgarh	23,819,789	25,545,198	93.25%
Madhya Pradesh	66,007,121	72,626,809	90.89%
Daman and Diu	220,150	243,247	90.50%
Gujarat	53,533,988	60,439,692	88.57%
Rajasthan	60,657,103	68,548,437	88.49%
Andhra Pradesh	74,824,149	84,580,777	90.89%
Tamil Nadu	63,188,168	72,147,030	87.58%
Haryana	22,171,128	25,351,462	87.46%
Puducherry	1,089,409	1,247,953	87.30%
Karnataka	51,317,472	61,095,297	84.00%
Tripura	3,063,903	3,673,917	83.40%
Uttarakhand	8,368,636	10,086,292	82.97%
Bihar	86,078,686	104,099,452	82.69%
Delhi	13,712,100	16,787,941	81.68%
Chandigarh	852,574	1,055,450	80.78%
Maharashtra	89,703,056	112,374,333	79.83%
Uttar Pradesh	159,312,654	199,812,341	79.73%
West Bengal	64,385,546	91,276,115	70.54%
Andaman and Nicobar Islands	264,296	380,581	69.45%
Jharkhand	22,376,051	32,988,134	67.83%
Goa	963,877	1,458,545	66.08%
Assam	19,180,759	31,205,576	61.47%
Sikkim	352,662	610,577	57.76%
Kerala	18,282,492	33,406,061	54.73%
Manipur	1,181,876	2,855,794	41.39%
Punjab	10,678,138	27,743,338	38.49%
Arunachal Pradesh	401,876	1,383,727	29.04%
Jammu and Kashmir	3,566,674	12,541,302	28.44%
Meghalaya	342,078	2,966,889	11.53%
Nagaland	173,054	1,978,502	8.75%
Lakshadweep	1,788	64,473	2.77%
Mizoram	30,136	1,097,206	2.75%

Law and politics

Although the Constitution of India has declared the nation as a secular state with no state religion, it has been argued several times that the Indian state privileges Hinduism as state sponsored religion constitutionally, legislatively and culturally. The original copy of the Indian constitution has an illustration of Rama, Sita, and Lakshmana in Part III on Fundamental Rights and Rama has been considered as the true guardian of people's rights. Article 343 (1) of the Indian Constitution also states that, "The official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script". Also, Article 48 of Indian constitution prohibits the slaughter of cows or calves (a sacred animal in Hinduism) and it is a criminal offense in most of the states of India.

Most Right Wing Hindu organisations like Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, Bajrang Dal, Vishwa Hindu Parishad have demanded that India should be declared a "Hindu nation" by constitution to safeguard the rights and life of Hindus in this largest democracy. As of 28 July 2020, there were pleas going on Supreme Court of India to remove the words secular and socialist from the Preamble to the Constitution of India.

See also

• Hinduism by country
• Religion in India
• Caste system in India
• Other Backward Class
• Hindus by district in India
• Hinduism in South India
• List of Hindu temples in India
• Freedom of religion in India
• Hindu Marriage Act, 1955
• Hindu Code BillsШаблон:Div col end

External links

• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia