Английская Википедия:Hinduism in Japan
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:More citations needed Шаблон:Infobox religious group Шаблон:Hinduism by country Hinduism is a minority religion in Japan mainly followed by the Indian, Sri Lankan and Nepali expatriate residents of Japan, who number about 166,550 people as of 2022.
History
Шаблон:Expand section Hinduism diffused throughout East Asia via trade routes, and also through the expansion of Buddhism in the sixth century. [1] There has also been significant transfer of Hindu-derived material native to China and South East Asia into Japan over the past two millennia.[2][3][4]
Diffusion of Hinduism in Japan
Шаблон:Expand section Hindu deities have been integrated into Japanese religious culture and several deities are worshiped for good luck.[5] In fact there are many deities that are still worshiped in Japan which have long been forgotten in India.[6]
Saraswati (Benzaiten) is arguably the most revered deity in Japan after the Buddha.[7] She forms as a part of the "Seven Gods of Fortune", of which four originated as Hindu deities: Benzaitensama (Sarasvati), Bishamon (Vaiśravaṇa or Kubera), Daikokuten (Mahākāla or Shiva), and Kichijōten (Lakshmi). The last, along with Benzaitennyo (Saraswati) and the female version of Daikokuten completes the nipponized Tridevi of Great Goddesses.[8]
The Hindu god of death, Yama, is known in his Buddhist form as Enma. Garuda, the mount (vahana) of Vishnu, is known as the Karura (迦楼羅), an enormous, fire-breathing creature in Japan. It has the body of a human and the face or beak of an eagle. Tennin originated from the apsaras.Шаблон:Citation needed
Ganesha (or Kangiten) is prayed to for health, success and good fortune. Many Japanese Buddhist deities (or Tenbu) have their roots in Hinduism and are still revered by many Japanese particularly in Shingon Buddhism.Шаблон:Citation needed
Other examples of Hindu influence on Japan include the belief of "six schools" or "six doctrines" as well as use of yoga and pagodas.Шаблон:Citation needed
People have written books on the worship of Hindu gods in Japan.[9] Even today, it is claimed Japan encourages a deeper study of Hindu Gods.[10]
List of Hindu gods in Japanese culture
| English | Japanese | Thai-Pali | Devanagari-Sanskrit |
|---|---|---|---|
| กัตเต็ง | พระจันทร์ | Шаблон:Lang | |
| Agni | คาเต็ง | พระอัคนี | Шаблон:Lang |
| Ganesh | คังงิเต็ง | พระพิฆเนศวร | Шаблон:Lang |
| Garuda | คารูระ | ครุฑ | Шаблон:Lang |
| Lakshimi | คิชโชเต็ง | พระลักษมี | Шаблон:Lang |
| Virupak | โคโมกุเต็ง | ท้าววิรูปักษ์ | Шаблон:Lang |
| Dhritaratra | จิโกกุเต็ง | ท้าวธตรฐ | Шаблон:Lang |
| Prithavi | จิเต็ง | พระปฤถวี | Шаблон:Lang |
| Varun | ซุยเต็ง | พระพิรุณ | Шаблон:Lang |
| Viruthak | โซโจเต็ง | ท้าววิรุฬหก | Шаблон:Lang |
| Dakini | ดากินิเต็ง | ฑากิณี | Шаблон:Lang |
| Mahakal | ไดโกกุเต็ง | มหากาฬ | Шаблон:Lang |
| Apsara | เท็นนิง | อัปสร | Шаблон:Lang |
| Sakr | ไทชากุเต็ง | ท้าวสักกะ | Шаблон:Lang |
| Surya | นิตเต็ง | พระอาทิตย์ | Шаблон:Lang |
| Brahma | บนเต็ง | พระพรหม | Шаблон:Lang |
| Vaishravana | บิชามนเต็ง | ท้าวเวสวัณ | Шаблон:Lang |
| Sarswati | เบ็นไซเต็ง | พระสุรัสวดี | Шаблон:Lang |
| Vayu | ฟูเต็ง | พระพาย | Шаблон:Lang |
| Rahu | ราโง | พระราหู | Шаблон:Lang |
| Rakshassa | ราเซ็ตสึเต็ง | รากษส | Шаблон:Lang |
| Ishan | อิซานะเต็ง | พระอีศาน | Шаблон:Lang |
| Skanda | อิดะเต็ง | พระเวทโพธิสัตว์ | Шаблон:Lang |
| Yam | เอ็มมะเต็ง | พระยม | Шаблон:Lang |
Present situation
Hinduism is practiced mainly by the Nepali, Indian and Sri Lankan migrants, although there are others. As of 2022, there are 40,917 Sri Lankans, 40,752 Indians and 125,798 Nepalis in Japan.[12][13][12]
The few Hindu temples in Japan are as follows:
- Shirdi Saibaba Temple, Tokyo
- ISKCON New Gaya, Tokyo
- Vedanta Society of Japan, Kanagawa
- BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Tokyo
- Shiva Shakti Temple, Tokyo
The Association of Religion Data Archives estimated that 24,182 Hindus in Japan as of 2020.[14]
References
Notes
External links
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Chaudhuri, Saroj Kumar. Hindu Gods and Goddesses in Japan. (New Delhi, 2003) Шаблон:ISBN.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 Ministry of Justice Statistics
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
