Английская Википедия:Hippeastreae

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Automatic taxobox

Hippeastreae is a tribe of plants belonging to the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae). Species in this tribe are distributed in South America. Flowers are large and showy, zygomorphic, with the stamens in varying lengths, inflorescence bracts are often fused basally (along one side). The seeds are flattened, winged or D-shaped. Reported basic chromosome numbers are x= 8-13, 17, and higher. All the species in this tribe present a remarkable aesthetic interest and horticultural value.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Taxonomy

Meerow et al. (1999) provide a history of the treatment of the genera of Amaryllidaceae, including Hippeastreae, from the mid-twentieth century.Шаблон:Sfn While morphological phylogeny has been frustrated by the perversive homoplasy typical of the Amaryllidaceae,Шаблон:Sfn application of molecular phylogenetics to the Amaryllidaceae did not indicate clear tribal divisions but rather broad biogeographical clades. However the American clade resolved the tribe Hippeastreae.Шаблон:Sfn A later examination of the deeper relationships of the American genera suggested the two subclades, Andean and hippeastroid and within the latter separated the Brazilian Griffineae as sister to the remaining hippeastroids. The larger and more diverse grouping of hippeastroids formed two smaller monophyletic groups. The smaller contained Hippeastrum (with the exception of Hippeastrum blumenavium),Шаблон:Efn but also a Rhodophiala. With the exception of Rodophilia (Brazil) all specimens were from Chile and Argentina. The second group corresponded to those genera variously included in tribe Zephyrantheae (Traub) or subtribe Zephyranthinae (Müller-Doblies), but only including some Zephyranthes species. The hippeastroid clade is predominantly diploid and extra-Andean by comparison to the Andean clade which is predominantly tetraploid, and contain those genera traditionally included in Hippeastreae. The precise position of Griffineae remained unresolved since its sister status to Hippeastrae was weak, leaving the possibility that it could be sister to the whole American clade.Шаблон:Sfn The tribe consists of 10–13 genera and about 180 species.Шаблон:Sfn

Phylogeny

The placement of Hippeastreae within subfamily Amaryllidoideae is shown in the following cladogram, where this tribe is shown as a sister group to the Griffineae, forming the Hippeastroid subclade, of two American clades:Шаблон:Sfn

Шаблон:Cladogram

Subdivision

The genera of the tribe Hippeastreae have been treated in a number of different ways over the years. Traub (1963)Шаблон:Sfn in his monograph on the Amaryllidacea distributed those genera now considered in this tribe over a number of other tribes (see Table, below), while Dahlgren et al. included them all under Hippeastrae for the first time.Шаблон:Sfn The concept of subtribes came from the Müller-Doblies' (1996), who had three subtribes, Griffinineae, Hippeastrinae and Zephyranthinae.Шаблон:Sfn

Consequently, it has been customary to describe the tribe Hippeastreae as consisting of two subtribes:

In the study of Meerow et al. (2000) based on molecular markers Zephyranthinae (Zephyranthae of Traub)Шаблон:Sfn were clearly polyphyletic, largely due to the polyphyly of Zephyranthes itself. This subgroup has been broadly characterised as having a chromosome number, x=6, but with considerable variation. Other polyphyletic genera included Rodophiala and Habranthus.Шаблон:Sfn Hippeastreae also include Haylockia, Rhodolirion and Tocantinia.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

A more focused study of Hippeastreae alone in 2014, resolved two major clades:Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

  • Clade A: Traubia, Placea, Phycella, Rhodolirium, and Famatina maulensis (now Phycella maulensis)
  • Clade B: Rhodophiala, Habranthus, Haylockia, Hippeastrum, Sprekelia, Zephyranthes, and the remainder of Famatina.

However it also showed that of the 13 genera, two are monotypic (Haylockia and Traubia). Of the remaining 11 genera, based on Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences the only monophyletic non-monotypic genera were Hippeastrum (about 60 species) and Sprekelia (2 species). But on chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) analysis, not even these genera were monophyletic. This brings into question the existing generic classification within Hippeastreae. Consequently, the authors proposed the following nomenclature:Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

A major generic recircumscription was published in 2019, although the basic subdivision into the two above subtribes remained unchanged.Шаблон:Sfn

Subtribes

Subtribe Traubiinae D. & U. Müll.-Doblies (Clade A) includes about 20 endemic Chilean taxa, but only about 10% of the species within tribe Hippeastreae. Characterisation includes a haploid chromosome number, x=8, lack of polyploidy and a capitate stigma.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn This subtribe has 4 genera.Шаблон:Sfn

Subtribe Hippeastrinae Walp. (Clade B), by contrast has a variable chromosome number, x=6–11, with frequent aneuploidy and polyploidy. Although there are no unique synapomorphies, most taxa exhibit a trifid or trilobed stigma, although in a few it is capitate.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn This subtribe has 2 genera.Шаблон:Sfn

Historical circumscription

Tribe Hippeastreae has included various numbers of genera over the years, some of which were monotypic.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Historical distribution of Hippeastreae (sensu Meerow 1999) genera by tribes and subtribes
Genus (alphabetical) Traub 1963Шаблон:Sfn Dahlgren 1985Шаблон:Sfn Müller-Doblies 1996Шаблон:Sfn Meerow 1998Шаблон:Sfn Garcia 2014Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Species
Eithea
formerly Hippeastrum blumenavium		 Hippeastreae
Hippeastrinae		 1–2
Famatina
=Rhodophiala, Phycella		 4
Griffinia Euchareae Hippeastreae
Griffiniinae		 Hippeastreae Griffineae 21
Habranthus Zephyrantheae Hippeastreae Hippeastreae
Zephyranthinae		 Hippeastreae Hippeastreae
Hippeastrinae		 40
Haylockia Zephyrantheae Hippeastreae
Zephyranthinae		 =Zephyranthes =Zephyranthes 1
Hippeastrum =Amaryllis Hippeastreae Hippeastreae
Hippeastrinae		 Hippeastreae Hippeastreae
Hippeastrinae		 60
Phycella Eustephieae Hippeastreae Hippeastreae
Traubiinae		 6
Placea Amarylleae Hippeastreae Hippeastreae
Hippeastrinae		 Hippeastreae Hippeastreae
Traubiinae		 6
Sprekelia Zephyrantheae Hippeastreae Hippeastreae
Zephyranthinae		 Hippeastreae Hippeastreae
Hippeastrinae		 2
Rhodolirium =Rhodophiala Hippeastreae
Traubiinae		 5
Rhodophiala Zephyrantheae Hippeastreae Hippeastreae
Hippeastrinae		 Hippeastreae Hippeastreae
Hippeastrinae		 8
Tocantinia Hippeastreae
Hippeastrinae		 1–2
Traubia Traubieae Hippeastreae
Traubiinae		 Hippeastreae Hippeastreae
Traubiinae		 1
Worsleya Amarylleae Hippeastreae Hippeastreae Griffineae 1
Zephyranthes Zephyrantheae Hippeastreae Hippeastreae
Zephyranthinae		 Hippeastreae Hippeastreae
Hippeastrinae		 50

Genera

Шаблон:As of, the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (APweb) accepted only six genera in the tribe Hippeastrae:[1] shown here as amended by Garcia et al 2019.Шаблон:Sfn

Genera that have been synonymized with other genera in the tribe according to APweb include:[1]

Distribution and habitat

Hippeastreae have a major center of diversification in central Chile and western (Andean) Argentina, together with minor centres in eastern Brazil, the north east of Argentina and with more distant centers in Mexico, the Greater Antilles and southern United States (Habranthus, Zephyranthes).Шаблон:Sfn

Uses

The economic significance of the tribe lies in its horticultural usage.Шаблон:Sfn

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

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Books

Articles

Websites

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External links

Шаблон:Wikispecies Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Amaryllidaceae Шаблон:Taxonbar

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards). "Amaryllidaceae genera". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Retrieved 2022-03-30.
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