Английская Википедия:Hirden
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:For Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox government agency Шаблон:Norway during World War II Hirden[1] (the hird) was a uniformed paramilitary organisation during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, modelled the same way as the German Sturmabteilungen.[2]
Overview
Vidkun Quisling's fascist party Nasjonal Samling frequently used words and symbols from the old Norse Viking era. During the Second World War, membership was compulsory for all Nasjonal Samling members. In total, about 8,500 Norwegians were members of Hirden during the war. The organisation was dissolved after the liberation, and many of its former members were prosecuted and convicted for treason and collaboration.
History
During the German occupation Hirden got a more military slant. The intention was that it should form the nucleus of a future Norwegian Nazi army, and a "hirdmarine" (Hirden navy)[3] and a "Hirdens flykorps"(Hirden's air force corps)[4] were created in 1942 in addition to the real Hirden, Rikshirden. However, many Hirden members volunteered to Norwegian military units in the war on Nazi German side or served as guards in the various prison camps. Hirden had a broad mandate to conduct operations against dissidents, independent of all police authorities, many of which included the use of violence.[5]
A 2014 Dagsavisen article said that "8 of 10" prisoners "died in the prison camps where Hirden performed guard duty under the leadership of SS".[6]
List of Hirden branches
Main Hirden organisations
| Insignia | Flag | Name | Period | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Файл:Hirden insignia.svg | Файл:NasjonalSamling-Rikshirden-Flag.png | Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Translation) |
1933–1945 | Шаблон:Lang is the most important Hirden organisation and usually the one referred to by just "Hirden". Шаблон:Langwas responsible for ensuring the security of NS party members and Quisling regime officials. |
| Файл:Blank.svg | Файл:Blank.svg | Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Translation) |
1942–1943 | Shortlived Hirden branch which primarily served guard duty at prison lairs, including foreign prisons. After the branch was dissolved, many of the members joined Шаблон:Lang (SS Guard battalion). |
| Файл:Nasjonal Samling førergardemerke.svg | Файл:Blank.svg | Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Translation) |
1942–1945 | The personal guards of the party leader (Шаблон:Lang); Vidkun Quisling. The guard was made up of 150 handpicked voluntary recruits. They served much the same purpose as the former Royal Guards. |
| Файл:NasjonalSamling-Hirdens-Flykorps-Emblem.png | Файл:Blank.svg | Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Translation) |
1942–1945 | Hirdens Flykorps was meant to form the basis for a future Norwegian air force. Most members eventually joined the German Luftwaffe. The fleet was rather basic, only featuring some primary glider aircraft. |
| Файл:Hirdmarinen-Insignia.png | Файл:Hirdmarinen-Norwegian-Ensign-Flag.png | Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Translation) |
1942–1945 | Hirdmarinen was meant to form the basis for a future Norwegian navy. Most members eventually joined the German Kriegsmarine. The fleet was small, featuring only a couple small sailboats. |
| Файл:Blank.svg | Файл:Blank.svg | Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Translation) |
1943–1945 | Operated guard duty and helped Statspolitiet as part of the "armed forces of the realm". |
| Файл:Blank.svg | Файл:Blank.svg | Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Translation) |
1943–1945 | Armed forces supposed to protect industry and state institutions against sabotage. |
| Файл:Blank.svg | Файл:Blank.svg | Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Translation) |
1945 | Military mobilization of NS members. |
Related organisations not directly subject to the Rikshirden
| Insignia | Flag | Name | Period | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Файл:NasjonalSamling-KvinneHirden-Insignia.png | Файл:NasjonalSamling-Kvinnehirden-Flag.png | Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Translation) |
1934–1945 | Шаблон:Lang was a branch of the Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Translation). Despite being named a Hird, they were not officially part of the proper Hirden and did not serve any military function and instead provided Sanitation, therefore their flags and emblems lacked the swords in the sun cross. |
| Файл:Schutzstaffel SS.svg | Файл:Flag of the Schutzstaffel (variant).svg | Germanic SS Norway | 1941–1945 | Originally called Norges SS (Norways SS). GSSN was formally a subdivision of the Hirden, but very controversial within the NS party due to its close ties to Germany as a de facto branch of Allgemeine SS. |
Youth organisations with Hirden names
| Insignia | Flag | Name | Period | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Файл:NasjonalSamling-Unghirden-Insignia.png | Файл:NasjonalSamling-Unghirden-Flag.png | Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Translation) |
1934–1945 | Branch of Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Translation), intended for boys between 14–18. It was largely modeled after the German Hitler Youth. |
| Файл:NS Guttehird medlemsmerke..png | Файл:NasjonalSamling-Unghirden-Flag.png | Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Translation) |
1934–1945 | Branch of NS Youth League, intended for boys between 10–15. |
| Файл:NasjonalSamling-JenteHirden-Insignia.png | Файл:NasjonalSamling-Ungdomsfylking-Flag.png | Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Translation) |
1934–1945 | Branch of NS Youth League, intended for girls between 15–21. |
| Файл:NasjonalSamling-SmåHirden-Insignia.png | Файл:NasjonalSamling-Ungdomsfylking-Flag.png | Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:Translation) |
1934–1945 | Branch of NS Youth League, intended for girls between 9–15. |
Gallery
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-
Uniform of the naval hird, Hirdmarinen.
-
Uniform of the female hird, Kvinnehirden.
-
Vidkun Quisling on the rostrum speaks to Hirden in Halden.
-
Hirden spectacle march to be greeted by Quisling.
-
Hirden women march up Oslo's main street.
-
Quisling speaks to Hirden after oath has been given to him.
Ranks and rank insignia
| Insignia | Rank | Translation | Comparative rank in the Wehrmacht |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hirdfører | |||
| Overste hirdsjef | Senior hird chief | ||
| Regimentsfører | Regimental commander | ||
| Nestregimentsfører | Second regimental commander | ||
| Fylkingfører | Wedge leader | ||
| Sveitfører | District leader | ||
| Nestsveitfører | Second district leader | ||
| Troppfører | Troop commander | ||
| Underfører | |||
| Kommandersersjant | Commander sergeant | ||
| Kvartermester | Quartermaster | ||
| Overlagfører | Senior squad leader | ||
| Furer | Leader | ||
| Lagfører | Squad leader | ||
| Mannskap | |||
| Файл:HJ-Hitlerjunge h.svg | Nestlagfører | Second squad leader | |
| Speider | Scout | ||
| Nestspeider | Second scout | ||
| Hirdmann | Hird man | ||
| Source:[7] | |||
See also
References
Sources
- Eirik Veum: Nådeløse nordmenn - Hirden, Kagge Forlag, Oslo 2013, Шаблон:In lang Шаблон:ISBN
External links
- Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
- Her er Eirik Veums liste over de 20 verste torturistene i Hirden: [Here is Erik Veum's list of the 20 worst torturers in Hirden] Шаблон:In lang
Шаблон:Fascism Шаблон:Nazism Шаблон:Ranks, uniforms and insignia of Nazi Germany
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Erik Veum page 33
- ↑ Veum pp. 92–98
- ↑ Veum 98–106
- ↑ Veum
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Hvad enhver NS-mann bør vite - side 5 Retrieved 2017-02-05.
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