Английская Википедия:Hisatada Otaka

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox classical composer

Hisatada Otaka (Japanese: 尾高尚忠; 26 September 1911 – 16 February 1951) was a Japanese composer and conductor. He was the conductor of the NHK Symphony Orchestra from 1942 to 1951.

Otaka was born in Japan and studied in musical arts early, however he dropped out of high school and moved to Vienna for 6 years for conducting and composing, during his studies in Vienna he became friends with Andrzej Panufnik and started composing works. In 1940, Otaka moved back to Japan where he would take the role as an active conductor for the NHK Symphony Orchestra, become a music teacher and compose most of his significant works such as his Symphony and Cello Concerto, however his life came to an abrupt end at the age of 39, leaving an unfinished Flute Concerto rewrite which one of his students, Hikaru Hayashi, would take on and complete.

When Otaka died he left behind three children, all of whom play his work regularly particularly the youngest son Tadaaki Otaka. In 1953, the NHK Symphony Orchestra created the Otaka Prize, which is named after Hisatada Otaka for his role in helping the orchestra. Otaka had written one of the first Japanese cello concertos and the first Japanese flute concerto, the latter being played regularly as Otaka's most famous work.

Life

Early life, studies in Vienna

Hisatada Otaka was born in Tokyo on 26 September 1911, the youngest of 11 children, he was the 6th son of Шаблон:Ill, a Japanese banker, businessman, however Jiro Otaka would die in 1920, when Hisatada Otaka was 9 years old.[1][2] Otaka studied at the Tokyo Prefectural Fifth Junior High School. After graduating there, Otaka decided to choose a career path in music and studied at the Seijo High School (which would become Seijo University), however he dropped out.[2] To continue his music studies Otaka moved to Vienna to study music briefly from 1931 to 1932, he studied under Шаблон:Ill for piano, Richard Stehl for music theory. After the short stay, Otaka moved back to Japan to study composition with Klaus Pringsheim and piano with Leo Sirota. However, this too was short as he moved back to Vienna in 1934 to study composition with Joseph Marx, and conducting with Felix Weingartner, from his 6-year stay in Vienna (1934 - 1940), Otaka would be an active conductor and composer.[3] In 1937, Otaka won a Japanese-European music competition for his first Japanese Suite,[4] he was awarded by Felix Weingartner.[5]Шаблон:Rp In 1939, Otaka controversially conducted the Berlin Reichsorchester, as Otaka played Japanese pieces, this was seen as a symbol of Nazi-Japan relations,[6][7] although Otaka never had an incident like this later on. At some point after 1936, Otaka and his wife Misao (who also played the piano) met and became friends with Andrzej Panufnik,[8][9] who also came to Vienna to study conducting under Weingartner. The Panufnik and Otaka family would stay close and remain in contact, as Otaka's son, Tadaaki Otaka would perform Panufnik's works regularly.[8]

Return to Japan

Шаблон:See also

Файл:Levy with Nippon Symphony Orchestra 1950.JPG
Hisatada Otaka conducting the Japan Symphony Orchestra, Lazare Lévy at piano. (1950)

In 1940, the Otakas left and moved to Japan, where Hisatada would live for the rest of his life. Initially he was assistant to Joseph Rosenstock, who was the conductor of the Japan Symphony Orchestra (also known at the time as the Nippon Symphony Orchestra, later known as the NHK Symphony Orchestra), and made his Japanese conducting debut in January 1941.[10]Шаблон:Rp In 1942 Otaka became a conductor of the orchestra, alongside Rosenstock, and Kazuo Yamada.[11][12]Шаблон:Notetag Otaka was highly respected as a conductor until his sudden death in 1951,[12][3] after which, he was succeeded by Kurt Woss.[13]Шаблон:Rp

Besides conducting, Otaka also composed prolifically, and had taught Hikaru Hayashi,[14] Kan Ishii,[15]Шаблон:Rp and Kikuko Kanai.[15]Шаблон:Rp Among Otaka's compositions are his first symphony ("Society for the Construction of the Bell Tower of Peace"),[16] Cello Concerto (1944),[17] Flute Concerto, and Rhapsody for Piano and Orchestra (1943).[18]

Death and legacy

On 16 February 1951, Hisatada Otaka died at the age of 39, from what Andrzej Panufnik says was overwork.[9]

Due to his significant contributions to, and long stay with, the Japanese Symphony Orchestra, the Otaka Prize was created in his honour.[19] After his death, the orchestra's name changed to the NHK Symphony Orchestra because of funding received from the Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (Japanese Broadcasting Corporation).[20]

Hisatada Otaka's youngest son, Tadaaki Otaka, conducts his father's work regularly, along with the works of Andrzej Panufnik.[21][8]

Hisatada's other children, Michiko Otaki and Atsutada Otaki, also play his work. Such as the piano duet piece Midare.[22]

Personal life

Hisatada Otaka married Misao Otaka sometime before 1940. According to Panufnik, they were already married when they would invite Panufnik to their house in Vienna, and they left Vienna for Japan in 1940.[23]

When the couple moved to Japan, they had a daughter and two sons. Michiko Otaki (in or after 1940), the daughter, is a pianist.[24] Atsutada Otaka (1944), the elder son, is a musicologist and a composer.[25] Tadaaki Otaka, (1947), the younger son, is a popular Japanese conductor, a permanent conductor of the NHK Symphony Orchestra since 2010, the first Japanese person to win the Elgar Medal, and musical director of the Osaka Philharmonic Orchestra.[26]

When Hisatada Otaka died in 1951, the couple's children were still very young (Tadaaki being only 4 years old), and therefore Misao was left as a widowed mother.

Selected compositions

  • Japanische Suite No. 1 (Nihon Kumikyoku)[4] (Op. 12; 1936)[27]
  • Sinfonietta for Strings (1937)[12]
  • Japanische Suite No. 2 (Op. 18; Premiered 2 December 1939)[28]
  • Midare Capriccio for 2 pianos (Op. 11 1939;[29][30] rev. 1947?)[31] (Premiered 2 December 1939)[28]Шаблон:Notetag
  • Sonatine for piano (Op. 13; 1940)[32]
  • Piano Trio (1941)[33]
  • Rhapsody for Piano and Orchestra (1943)[18]
  • 2 String Quartets
    • String Quartet No. 1 (1938)[18]
    • String Quartet No. 2 (1943)[18]
  • Cello Concerto (1944)[17]Шаблон:Notetag
  • Poem for Soprano and Orchestra (Circa. 1944)[10]Шаблон:Rp
  • Symphony No. 1 Society for the Construction of the Bell Tower of Peace[34] (incomplete or partially lost)Шаблон:Notetag (Op. 35; 1948[33]-1949)[16]
    • Movements:[35]
      • Maestoso - Allegro appassionato
      • Adagio assai sostenuto, molto espressivo ‒ Andante con moto, ma sempre sostenuto ‒ Adagio sostenuto
  • Flute Concerto (Op. 30a 1948; 30b 1951)[36]Шаблон:RpШаблон:Notetag
  • Concerto for Piano and String Symphony (????)[37]

The most popular of Otaka's work is his flute concerto, which is played and recorded commonly, and was supported among his peers.[10][38]

Style

Otaka's style reflects much of his teachers in the 1930s, showing Viennese and German styles.[33] Although unlike his teacher Joseph Marx, Otaka stayed within the zone of tonality, going with more traditional later Romantic styles, rather than the growing atonal or modern styles.[21] Many of his pieces like the Cello Concerto, Midare, Symphony No. 1 - The Construction of the Bell Tower of Peace still keep in tune with his original Japanese-music style and culture.[30] As such, Otaka's pieces result in a combination between eastern Japanese styles, and older tonal Germanic-Viennese style, even during his early studies in Vienna, Otaka showed Japanese traditional music, such as in his Japanische Suites, where Otaka made his pieces deliberately to "find new means of expression for the Japanese spirit... into the western tonal language", which was different compared to some of his peers who wrote only focusing on the European musicality.[5]Шаблон:Rp[39]

Flute concerto

However, the flute concerto Op. 30 is written in a specific French romantic style, although with distinct sections Japanese themes, it is written differently than many other concert works by Otaka, seemingly independent from the style of his teachers from Germany and Vienna, The Guardian said the piece had a "jazzy inflection" during the slower movement of the concerto, due to the French style and structure many French flautists performed the piece such as Jean-Pierre Rampal and Emmanuel Pahud[40] and was popular in France.[21][38]

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Further reading

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite book (From page 120: "尾高尚忠 Histada Otaka 渋沢栄一の外孫にあたる彼は,学者肌の銀行家を父に持ち, 11 人兄弟の末子として明治 44 年 9 月 26 日,東京に生れた。両親共義太夫をたしなむ程度であったが,父は彼が幼少の頃他界した。彼の兄朝雄は東大法律学教授 東京府立第五中学卒業後,成城高等学校文科に入学して開放的な生活に入った彼は 18 歳の時,単なる音楽愛好家たることに満足 ...")
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite book (From German to English (translation via Google Translate, with minor edits) "Hisatada Otaka: Contemporary Japanese Musician. In 1937 Otaka had won a competition for the best Japanese composition, which was announced by Felix Weingartner after his tour of Japan, and had been Josef Marx's student in Vienna since 1937. To promote contemporary Japanese music, a composition competition has been held in Japan every year since 1931, financed by Tokyo Nichi Nichi and Mainichi and supported by the Ministry of Education. Some composers tried to compose entirely in the western way, others like Konoe and Otaka in European music ,, to find new means of expression for the Japanese spirit Otaka by transcribing old Japanese music into the western tonal language as it were, like Konoe in his arrangement of old Japanese court music, which was often on his program...")
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 Шаблон:Cite book
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 Шаблон:Cite book (Originally Japanese, English translation most likely by the University of California on September 24, 2010)
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book (Volume 3; Part 3)
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок EncyclopediaArts не указан текст
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  15. ↑ 15,0 15,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ 16,0 16,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  17. ↑ 17,0 17,1 Шаблон:Cite book (Originally published February 2011, revised version (this version) April 2018)
  18. ↑ 18,0 18,1 18,2 18,3 Шаблон:Cite book
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  21. ↑ 21,0 21,1 21,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book (Originally in Japanese, translation to English by Martin Mayes)
  23. ↑ In Andrzej Panufnik's autobiography Composing Myself (1987), he says in page 71, "... my closest friend was the Japanese Hisatada Otaka ... He and his enchanting wife, Misao, often invited me to their flat so that we could work together. Misao was a fine pianist, so she and I would play together from a piano reduction while Hisatada conducted us; then it would be my..."
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web (This reference was taken from the Atsutada Otaka article.)
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  28. ↑ 28,0 28,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book (Originally published in 1981)
  30. ↑ 30,0 30,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  31. ↑ Niklaus Aeschbacher cond. NHK Symphony Orchestra (1957)
  32. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book (Volume 38, issues 3-4)
  33. ↑ 33,0 33,1 33,2 Шаблон:Cite book
  34. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Stanford1949 не указан текст
  35. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  36. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  37. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book (Volume 113-118, published in 2003; The book mentions the piano concerto being played in Ho Chi Minh City, conducted by Thanh Nam, the concert also featured Tran Vuong Thach's flute concerto and ballet.)
  38. ↑ 38,0 38,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  39. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book (Originally Russian, translated to English)
  40. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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