Английская Википедия:Hob (folklore)

Содержание

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Файл:(Whitby, Runswick Bay, Yorkshire, England) (LOC) (16616684149).jpg

Runswick Bay, North Yorkshire. Local people would ask "Hobhole Hob" for help to get rid of a cough.

A hob is a type of small mythological household spirit found in the English Midlands, Northern England,Шаблон:EfnШаблон:Efn and on the Anglo-Scottish border, according to traditional folklore of those regions. They could live inside the house or outdoors. They are said to work in farmyards and thus could be helpful; however, if offended they could become nuisances. The usual way to dispose of a hob was to give them a set of new clothing, the receiving of which would make the creature leave forever. It could, however, be impossible to get rid of the worst hobs.

Etymology

"Hob" is a diminutive form of the name "Robin", which is itself a diminutive form of the name "Robert".

"Hob" is sometimes a generic term given to a goblin, bogle or brownie. The name "Hob" became associated with the mythical creature as "a piece of rude familiarity to cover up uncertainty or fear"; essentially, calling a mystical creature by a common nickname was a way to make the concept less frightening, and the nickname eventually became the common term.

As well as the brownie, another cognate exists in the Scandinavian nisse or tomte; all are thought to be derived from the household gods of olden times, known in England as the Шаблон:Lang (Old English for "house-gods") of which the brownie and hob are indeed a survival.Шаблон:Full citation needed

Folklore

Yorkshire

Hobs have been described as small, hairy, wizened men. Hobs were viewed as kind but mischievous spirits, helpful to local people in need. One famous hob lived near Runswick Bay in a hobhole; this hob was believed to be able to cure young children of kink-cough (whooping cough). Parents would bring their ailing young to the hob's cave dwelling and recite the following:

Hobs are generally considered household spirits, who preferred to be about at night. Hobs were not tied to a particular place, but seemed to come and go as they chose. A hob would help the farmer in the field or the shopkeeper in his store. The householder had to be careful in dealing with a hob, so as not to offend it. If a farmer were to speak poorly of a hob on his farm, the hob might retaliate by breaking dishes and turning loose livestock. Most importantly, a hob must not be given a gift of clothing, as this would be greatly resented and might cause a helpful hob to leave immediately. This was said to have happened at Sturfit Hall in Yorkshire, where the well-meaning family left a small hat and cloak for their helpful hob; however, when he encountered the gift, he exclaimed "Ha! a cap and a hood, / Hob'll never do mair good!" and was never seen again. Another Yorkshire hob, this one at Hart Hall, refused with a warning when offered a work shirt: "Gin Hob mun hae nowght but a hardin' hamp, / He'll come nae mair nowther to berry nor stamp."

North York Moors

Farndale flit

Farndale in the North York Moors is separated from its neighbour Rosedale to the east by a high but relatively level moorland promontory known as Blakey Ridge. On the east side of that ridge is a topological feature known as Hobb Crag, overlooking the village of Rosedale Abbey. A local storyate's how a farmer in Farndale was so troubled by a Hob that he decided to relocate to another farm – just to get rid of that Hob.Шаблон:Sfn

Note the local dialect word flittinШаблон:Efn which may be derived from the Old Norse language.Шаблон:Cn

Names and habitations

Names

Local name

It was customary for a local hob to have a local name and a local habitation.Шаблон:Efn

Some "Hob" names may suggest their mischievous personality:

• Jester
• HobshaddowШаблон:Efn

Hobbe Hyrste

The name Hob-thrush may be derived from Hobbe HyrsteШаблон:Efn or Hob o' t' hyrst – "Hob of the hurst".Шаблон:Efn

1. Hob o' t' hyrst
2. Hob-t-hyrst
3. Hob-thyrst
4. Hob-thrust
5. Hob-thrush

See also WiKtionary : Old English < hyrst > ..."hurst, hillock, eminence, height, wood, wooded eminence".

The following names may be derived from Hobbe Hyrste:

Name	Habitation	Location
"Hob-trush"	Hob-trush CaveШаблон:Efn	Mulgrave woods, North Yorkshire.
"Hobthrush"	Obtrush RookШаблон:Efn	Farndale, North Yorkshire.
"Hobthrush"	Hobthrush's Isle	St Cuthbert's Isle (Hobthrush), Northumberland.
"Hob Hurst"	Hob Hurst's House	Hob Hurst's House, Beeley Moor, Derbyshire.

Similar names are found in disparate parts of the country – it is possible that these were introduced by migrant workers while moving between employments, especially those involved with mining and railway construction.

Habitations

Файл:Hob's House Cave - geograph.org.uk - 3226172.jpg

Hob's House Cave, Monsal Dale, Derbyshire.

The habitation was usually a topological feature, such as a hill, crag, hole, cave or island.

Often the feature would be within view of the farm or local settlement:

Habitation	Settlement
Hobb Hill	Bloxham near Banbury.
Hobb Crag	Rosedale Abbey
Hobthrush Isle	Holy Island

Hob Hole

WiKtionary: The name element hole might relate to:

1. English < hole > ..."A hollow place or cavity; an excavation; a pit; a dent; a depression; a fissure".
2. Old Norse < hóll > ..."hill, hillock, knoll".

Habitation	Location
Hob HoleШаблон:Efn	Calais Beck south of Runswick Bay, North Yorkshire.
Hob Hole	Hob Hole Beck near Kempswithen, Kildale Moor, Eskdale, North Yorkshire.
Hobbs Hole	Hobbs Hole Farm near Great Tew, Oxfordshire.

Tumuli

It was common for Hob place names to be associated with tumuli:

Habitation	Location	Listed
Hobthrush RookШаблон:Efn	Farndale, North Yorkshire.	Two round cairns
Hob on the Hill	Commondale Moor, North Yorkshire.	Wayside cross Round barrows
Hob Hurst's House	Beeley Moor, Derbyshire.	Square tumulus

Legacy

Place names

Yorkshire place names

Many topological features, especially in North Yorkshire, are named "Hobs".Шаблон:Efn

Place name	Link	Location	Area	Feature	Map Шаблон:Efn	Latitude N – S
Шаблон:AnchorHob Hill		The Fairy Glen, Saltburn-by-the-Sea.Шаблон:Efn	North Yorkshire	Hill		520200
Шаблон:AnchorHob HoleШаблон:Efn	Hob Hole	Calais Beck south of Runswick Bay.	North York Moors	Hole		515500
Шаблон:AnchorHob on the Hill	Tumuli	Between Guisborough and Commondale.Шаблон:Efn	North York Moors	Cross		512420
Шаблон:AnchorHob-trush CaveШаблон:Efn	Name	Mulgrave woodsШаблон:Efn	North Yorkshire	Cave		511700
Шаблон:AnchorHobshaddow Wood	Name	Between Hutton Rudby and Stokesley.	North Yorkshire	Wood		508300
Шаблон:AnchorHob Hole BeckШаблон:Efn	Hob Hole	South of Kempswithen (Kildale moor) near Castleton, Eskdale.Шаблон:Efn	North York Moors	Hole		507800
Шаблон:AnchorHobb Crag	Habitat	West of Rosedale Abbey, Rosedale.	North York Moors	Crag		495400
Шаблон:AnchorHobthrush RookШаблон:Efn	Name	Farndale, North Yorkshire.	North York Moors	Tumulus		494400

Scotland – England

Place name	Link	Location	Area	Feature	Map Шаблон:Efn	Latitude N – S
Шаблон:AnchorHobthrush	Name	Lindisfarne	Northumberland	Islet		641600
Шаблон:AnchorHobkirk		South-east of Hawick	Scottish Borders	Church		610900
Шаблон:AnchorHobb's Flow		Anglo-Scottish border near Kielder Forest	Northumberland	Wetland		590100
Шаблон:AnchorHobroyd		Whitfield, Glossop.	Derbyshire	Wood		393200
Шаблон:AnchorHob Hill		Whitfield, Glossop.	Derbyshire	Hill		392800
Шаблон:AnchorHob's House Cave		Monsal Dale	Derbyshire	Cave		371300
Шаблон:AnchorHob Hurst's House	Tumuli	Beeley Moor near Chatsworth House	Derbyshire	Tumulus		369200
Шаблон:AnchorHob Hall Hob Wood		South of Wirksworth	Derbyshire	Croft Wood		352700
Шаблон:AnchorJester's Hill	Name	Shutford near Banbury.Шаблон:Efn	Oxfordshire	Hill		239500
Шаблон:AnchorHobb Hill	Habitat	Bloxham near Banbury.	Oxfordshire	Hill		236600
Шаблон:AnchorHobb's Hole	Hob Hole	Hobbs Hole Farm near Great Tew.	Oxfordshire	Hole		229100
Шаблон:AnchorHobbard's Hill		North-west of Wootton-by-Woodstock.	Oxfordshire	Hill		220400
Шаблон:AnchorHobb's Hill		Hobb's Hill tin mine, Bodmin Moor.	Cornwall	Hill		069400

Notable people

• Hobhouse is a rare English family name, belonging originally to a Somerset family.
• The Scottish national hero Robert the Bruce was known as "King Hobbe" by his English enemy.Шаблон:Efn

Modern popular culture

• The 1958 TV serial Quatermass and the Pit, and the later film version, centre around the fictional Hobbs Lane (formerly called Hob's Lane), the significance of the name becoming apparent as the plot unfolds.
• In Jim Butcher's The Dresden Files, hobs are eyeless creatures who burn in light. They serve the Queen Mab of the Winter Court of the Sidhe.
• In Lionhead Studios' video games Fable, Fable II, and Fable III some of the minor adversaries are creatures known as "hobbes". They are created from children who misbehave and are captured by hobbes.
• In J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series, house-elves (such as Harry's friend Dobby) appear to be a type of hob, doing household tasks for human masters and driven from their households if given gifts of clothing (in what most house-elves see as a type of shameful expulsion, but the eccentric Dobby – and several human observers – consider an emancipation from slavery).
• The Hob appearing in The Years of Longdirk by Ken Hood is considerably different from the traditional depiction, being a powerful spirit which is amoral, neither good nor bad, but which has considerable destructive powers it can use if provoked. In Hood's fantasy world, "Hob" and "Imp" are two names for much the same kind of being.
• In The Hob's Bargain by Patricia Briggs, the Hob is a powerful creature, possibly the last of his kind, who bargains to help protect a local village from a necromancer in exchange for a mate. The heroine who brought the Hob to the village agrees to his bargain in exchange for his help.
• In Moonshine, the second novel of the Cal Leandros novels by Rob Thurman, the villain is "Hobgoblin" or "the Hob", the oldest of the race of immortal creatures known as pucks. In this series, the pucks all look alike, with curly brown hair, green eyes, and "foxlike" faces. Unlike his fellow puck, Robin Goodfellow, the Hob sees humans merely as toys and tools, beings which are utterly beneath him.
• In An Elder Scrolls Novel: The Infernal City, hobs are used as kitchen slaves.
• In Richard Dawson's 2017 album Peasant, a song titled "Hob" tells the story of a family's encounter with a hobthrust.
• In Travis Baldree's book Legends & Lattes, the main character hires a hob as a carpenter in her coffee shop, noting that they are disparagingly referred to as 'pucks' by humans and are not often seen in cities.

See also

• Hobbit
• Hobgoblin
• Lubber fiend, also known as "Lob".

General and cited sources

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book Linked version is the 1977 second edition.
• Шаблон:Cite journal