Английская Википедия:Holoholo people
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox ethnic group
The Holoholo also known as Kalanga (Wakalanga in Swahili) are a Bantu ethnic group that inhabit the shores of central lake Tanganyika. The majority of them live near Kalemie city on Lake Tanganyika in Tanganyika Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and on the opposite shore of the lake in Uvinza District of Kigoma Region in Tanzania.
Language
As of 2002, there were about 15,500 speakers of the Holoholo language.Шаблон:Sfn The name "Holoholo" was given to them by the Belgians. It comes from the sound of their greeting, which outsiders found comical. The alternative name "Kalanga" simply means people who were there before the current population.Шаблон:Sfn
History
The Holoholo are a matrilineal people.Шаблон:Sfn They are descendants of Baguha people who fled from the Luba Empire when it was expanding eastward in the 18th century, settling around Kalemie where the Lukuga River leaves the lake.Шаблон:Sfn During the period of Luba dominance that followed the eastward expansion under Luba king Ilunga Sungu around 1800, bambudye secret societies were introduced among the Holoholo and other peoples, propagating oral traditions of the Luba royal family. The Holoholo adopted and adapted the Luba genesis myth, in which they believed there was a mountain called Ilunga Sungu on the west side of the Lualaba towards the Luba heartland, This refers to the location of the court of Ilunga Sungu at Katende.Шаблон:Sfn
The 1935 book Les peuplades du Congo belge shows the Holoholo living on both sides of the Lukuga.Шаблон:Sfn They became middlemen in the Arab and African slave trade. With the suppression of this trade, the economy collapsed and disease and local warfare decimated the population. Today the economy is mostly agricultural-based on sorghum, maize, peanuts, and beans. Fish are caught with nets, dried and sold locally, the main source of cash in the area. Sorghum is used to make beer.Шаблон:Sfn
The Holoholo who live in Tanzania around Kungwe Mountain has a tradition that their ancestors came from the Congo side by means of a long island that continued Kungwe Mountain into the lake. The lake level is highly variable, so it is conceivable that they crossed at a time when it was much lower than today when part of the ridge separating the northern and southern basins of the lake would have been exposed.Шаблон:Sfn
Thousands of Holoholo had settled along the Tanganyikan side of the lake by 1915, having sailed over in canoes. A census in 1948 counted 4,410 Holoholo in Tanganyika.Шаблон:Sfn
In 1987 the Holoholo people had an estimated population of 12,500 in Tanzania. They traditionally lived in the Mahale Mountains on the east shore of the lake opposite Kalemie. However, they were expelled from this area after 1979 to make way for the Mahale Mountains National Park created in 1985.Шаблон:Sfn
References
Sources
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
Шаблон:Refend Шаблон:Ethnic groups in Tanzania Шаблон:Kigoma Шаблон:Ethnic groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Шаблон:Authority control
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Holoholo
- Bantu peoples
- Ethnic groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Ethnic groups in Tanzania
- Lake Tanganyika
- Kalemie
- Tanganyika Province
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- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
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