Английская Википедия:Hong Taechawanit

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Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox person Hong Taechawanit,Шаблон:Efn born Zheng YifengШаблон:Efn (1851Шаблон:Spaced ndash5 March 1937) and also known as Zheng ZhiyongШаблон:Efn or Er Ger FengШаблон:Efn (lit. 'Second Brother Feng', rendered in Thai from Teochew as Шаблон:TranslШаблон:Efn), was a Chinese businessman, philanthropist, and secret society member who was active in early twentieth-century Siam.

Early life

Zheng Yifeng was born in 1851 in Qiyuan Village, Chaozhou, Guangdong. His father, Zheng Shisheng (Шаблон:Lang), was a peasant who fled China during the First Opium War but died en route to Thailand. His mother subsequently remarried and Zheng Yifeng himself moved to Thailand, settling down in Bangkok.Шаблон:Sfn

Career

While working for gambling magnate Liu Jibin (Шаблон:Lang), Zheng became a member of the clandestine Chinatown-based 'Tian Di Hui' (Шаблон:Lang) or 'Heaven and Earth Society'. Zheng would become commonly referred to as 'Er Ge Feng' (Шаблон:Lang) or 'Second Brother Feng', because of his becoming the secret society's second-highest authority; he eventually became its leader after the death of his predecessor.Шаблон:Sfn

Zheng successfully petitioned for King Chulalongkorn to grant him tax farming rights over gambling houses. In 1909, he dissented from the popular Chinese sentiment against the king's most recent tax reforms and refused to partake in a three-day-long strike action.Шаблон:Sfn In June 1918, Zheng was granted the surname Taechawanit (Tejavanija)Шаблон:Efn and conferred the title of Phra Anuwatratchaniyom (Шаблон:Lang) by King Vajiravudh.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Hong Taechawanit began to build a conglomerate in Thailand, which comprised pawnshops, a printing press, a shipping line,Шаблон:Sfn a theatre,Шаблон:Sfn and the biggest gambling house in the country.Шаблон:Sfn His mansion in Phlapphla Chai also served as his company headquarters.Шаблон:Sfn

In addition to being a founder of schools in both Thailand and China, Hong Taechawanit bankrolled newspapers and charities. He made significant donations to his hometown in Guangdong, such as in 1918 when he gave 380,000 silver dollars to flood relief efforts.Шаблон:Sfn

Final years and legacy

Hong sympathised with the Kuomintang led by Sun Yat Sen; following the collapse of the imperial government in 1911, he gifted Sun with an unspecified amount of ivory. Following a series of financial setbacks, most notably the loss of his tax farming license, Hong died on 5 March 1937, aged 84.Шаблон:Sfn Taechawanit Road, whose construction he financed, is now named after him.Шаблон:Sfn His mansion was donated to the state and became the present-day Phlapphachai Police Station.Шаблон:Sfn Because of his stature as a 'gambling lord', Hong was deified as a 'luck-bringer' after his death and is popularly worshipped by Thai gamblers.Шаблон:Sfn

References

Bibliography

• Шаблон:Cite book
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• Шаблон:Cite journal
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