Английская Википедия:Honora Burke

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Honora Burke became Honora FitzJames, Duchess of Berwick on Tweed (Шаблон:Circa – 1698), married Patrick Sarsfield and went into French exile where he followed her soon afterwards. After his death at the Battle of Landen, she married James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, an illegitimate son of James II. She may have introduced the country dance (contredanse anglaise) to the French court.

Birth and origins

Honora was born about 1675 at Portumna Castle, County Galway.Шаблон:Sfn She was the youngest child of William Burke and his second wife, Helen MacCarty. Her father was William Burke, 7th Earl of Clanricarde. The Burkes (originally De Burgh) were an Old English family long-established in Connacht. Her mother was a daughter of Donough MacCarty, 1st Earl of Clancarty and thus belonged to the MacCarthy of Muskerry dynasty, a Gaelic Irish family that descended from the kings of Desmond.Шаблон:Sfn She had previously been married to Sir John Fitzgerald of Dromana.Шаблон:Sfn Honora was raised as a Roman Catholic. She was often called Honora de Burgh during this period.

Honora listed among her siblings

She appears below at the bottom of the list of siblings as the youngest: Ulick (1670–1691), created Viscount of Galway and slain at the Battle of Aughrim fighting for the JacobitesШаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn Margaret (1673–1744), first married Bryan Magennis, 5th Viscount of Iveagh and then Thomas Butler of GarryrickenШаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn William, died childless in FranceШаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn Honora (c. 1675 – 1698)

Honora's half-siblings
Half-siblings from her father's first marriage were:Шаблон:Sfn Richard (died after 1708), became the 8th Earl of ClanricardeШаблон:Sfn John (1642–1722), became the 9th Earl of ClanricardeШаблон:Sfn and Thomas (died 1688), killed at the Siege of Buda, HungaryШаблон:SfnШаблон:EfnШаблон:EfnШаблон:Sfn

Early life

Her father died in 1687Шаблон:Sfn and was succeeded by her half-brother Richard as the 8th Earl of Clanricarde. Honora inherited a fortune of £3,500 from her father.Шаблон:Sfn Her mother married thirdly, sometime between 1687 and 1700, to Colonel Thomas Burke.Шаблон:Sfn

First marriage

In the winter of 1689/90 Honora, aged 15,Шаблон:Sfn married Patrick Sarsfield, aged about 35, at Portumna Abbey.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The couple went to live in Sarsfield's house at Lucan near Dublin. Sarsfield was at that time the eldest living son of a landowner from County Kildare and an experienced soldier, serving in the Irish Army of James II during the Williamite War in Ireland.Шаблон:Sfn

Sarsfield rose rapidly to become one of the leaders of the Jacobite movement in Ireland, noted in particular for the Ballyneety Raid on King William's artillery train shortly before the Siege of Limerick (1690).Шаблон:Sfn In January 1691 James II ennobled him for this achievement making him the 1st Earl of Lucan.Шаблон:Sfn She therefore became Countess of Lucan. After the surrender of Limerick following a second siege in 1691, Lucan led the defeated Irish Army to France to continue serving the exiled James II, an event known as the Flight of the Wild Geese.Шаблон:Sfn

Honora had probably left for France a year earlier with other Jacobite ladies.Шаблон:Sfn In France she was admired for her beauty and is said to have introduced "les contredanses anglaises" (English country dance) to the French Court.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In 1692 her husband participated in a failed plan to invade England.Шаблон:Sfn

Шаблон:Anchor In April 1693 Honora and Patrick had one son:Шаблон:Sfn

1. James Francis Edward (1693–1719), became the 2nd Earl of Lucan and took part in the planned 1719 Jacobite Rising in Ireland, but died of natural causes shortly afterwards.Шаблон:Sfn

He was named after James Francis Edward Stuart, the Jacobite Prince of Wales, later known as the Old Pretender.

On 29 July 1693 Lucan was mortally wounded at the Battle of LandenШаблон:Sfn and died shortly afterwards at Huy.Шаблон:Sfn

It has been said that Catalina Sarsfield, who married a German adventurer, known for having briefly established himself as King Theodore of Corsica, was a daughter of Honora and her first husband.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In fact Catalina (the Spanish form of Catherine) came from the Limerick branch of the Sarsfield family and was born in Nantes to David Sarsfield, a distant cousin of Lucan.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Citation needed

After Lucan's death the dowager countess joined the Jacobite court-in-exile at Saint-Germain-en-Laye near Paris. She tried to help the Irish community there, part of which lived in great poverty but lacked herself the means.Шаблон:Sfn

A lady with brown eyes and hair wearing a pearl neckless

English portrait of Honora de Burke

Second marriage

At Saint-Germain-en-Laye the dowager Countess Lucan met James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick and fell in love with him. Berwick was an illegitimate son of James II and Arabella Churchill, and pursued a brilliant military career since an early age. He had served alongside Lucan in Ireland. Honora married James on 26 March 1695 in the chapel of the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye.Шаблон:Sfn making her the Duchess of Berwick. The King was not overjoyed at the marriage, as he had wanted his son to make a grander match that might have helped the Jacobite cause.Шаблон:Sfn In that same year her husband was attainted in England and therefore lost, at least officially, his title.Шаблон:Sfn However, she and her husband continued to use it and were generally known as the Duke and Duchess of Berwick. Saint-Simon, for example calls him so in 1698.Шаблон:Sfn

Honora and James had a son:

• James (1696–1738), who served in the Spanish Army and founded a dynasty in that country.Шаблон:Sfn

Death and timeline

She died on 16 January 1698Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn of consumption,Шаблон:Sfn leaving her husband in "great grief". She was buried in the Convent of English BenedictinesШаблон:Sfn in Pontoise.Шаблон:Sfn Her burial was attended many prominent Jacobites: Henry FitzJames (Berwicks's brother), Lord Perth, Melfort, Richard Hamilton, James Porter, Lord Waldegrave, and Dominic Maguire (the Primate of all Ireland).Шаблон:Sfn

Her husband married Anne Bulkeley, daughter of Henry Bulkeley (Master of the Household to James II) three years later on 18 April 1700.Шаблон:Sfn

Timeline
As her birth date is uncertain, so are all her ages.
Age	Date	Event
0	1675, about	Born at Portumna Castle.
Шаблон:Age	1685, 6 Feb	Accession of King James II, succeeding King Charles IIШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Age	1687, Oct	Father died.
Шаблон:Age	1689, 9 Jan	Married Sarsfield at Portumna Abbey.
Шаблон:Age	1689, 13 Feb	Accession of William and Mary, succeeding King James IIШаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Age	1689, 12 Mar	King James II landed at Kinsale.Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Age	1691, Jan	Became Countess of Lucan as Sarsfield is created Earl of Lucan by James II.
Шаблон:Age	1691, 12 Jul	Brother Ulick slain at the Battle of Aughrim.
Шаблон:Age	1693, Apr	Son James Francis Edward born.
Шаблон:Age	1693, 29 Jul	1st husband mortally wounded at the Battle of Landen.
Шаблон:Age	1695, 9 Jan	Married 2ndly Berwick at Saint-Germain-en-Laye and became Duchess of Berwick.
Шаблон:Age	1695	2nd husband attainted in England.
Шаблон:Age	1696, 21 Oct	Son James born.
Шаблон:Age	1698, 16 Jan	Died at Pézenas, Languedoc, France.

Notes and references

Sources

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book (for Clanricarde)
• Шаблон:Cite book – Jim Burke!
• Шаблон:Cite book – Canonteign to Cutts (for Clancarty and Clanricarde)
• Шаблон:Cite book – Scotland and Ireland
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book – (for timeline)
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book – Blood royal, dukes, earls (for Clanricarde)
• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book – Irish stem
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book – 1698
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
• Шаблон:Cite book (for timeline)

External links

• Wild Geese Heritage Museum and Library, Portumna