Английская Википедия:Hoosier National Forest

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox protected area The Hoosier National Forest is a property managed by the United States Forest Service in the hills of southern Indiana. Composed of four separate sections, it has a total area of Шаблон:Convert. Hoosier National Forest's headquarters are located in Bedford, with a regional office in Tell City. Prominent places within the Forest include the Lick Creek Settlement, Potts Creek Rockshelter Archeological Site, and Jacob Rickenbaugh House.

History

Hoosier National Forest was first touched by humanity 12,000 years ago, when Native Americans in the United States hunted in the forest. Europeans reached the forest in the late 17th century, and began building villages in the forest. Actual lumbering began in the 19th century, with the cutting of more difficult terrain occurring after 1865. By 1910 most of the area had been cut. In the early 1930s the governor of Indiana pushed for the federal government to do something with the eroding lands that saw its residents leaving, with the act being accomplished on February 6, 1935.

Within Hoosier National Forest, two miles (3 km) south of Chambersburg, lies the former Lick Creek Settlement Site, a settlement of free blacks led by the Quaker Jonathan Lindley from around 1819 to around 1865.Шаблон:Sfn Pioneer Mothers Memorial Forest near Paoli contains an excellent example of virgin forest. Hemlock Cliffs Recreation Area in Crawford County contains one of the most scenic hiking trails in Indiana.

Most of Thomas Hines' Hines' Raid was within the present-day Hoosier National Forest.

Hickory Ridge Lookout Tower is the sole remaining fire tower out of eight that once stood within Hoosier National Forest. When built, there was a two-room house for the ranger and his dependents to live within, but it has since been destroyed. Visitors may still climb the tower, but are recommended to be cautious when climbing.Шаблон:Sfn

Maumee Scout Reservation and Lake Tarzian are also located within the Hoosier National Forest. Lake Tarzian is named after Sarkes Tarzian who led the capital campaign to build the camp.

Science

Файл:Hoosier National Forest.png

Forested hills in Orange County near Patoka Lake

Much of Hoosier National Forest is over karst, responsible for the many caves in southern Indiana.

Included in Hoosier National Forest is the Charles C. Deam Wilderness Area, the only recognized wilderness area left in Indiana. This means that no motorized vehicles are allowed in the area, and instead mules and horses must be used to maintain hiking trails.

In the Clover Lick Barrens, the southern portion of Hoosier National Forest near the Ohio River, the vegetation is more typical of that found on prairies in the Great Plains. This was discovered by a botanist and biologist from the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, who later found that in the first recorded survey of the area in 2005, the land was described not as forest, but as "a mile of poor barrens and grassy hills". It is believed that the inability of tall oaks to grow in the area allows for this prairie vegetation to persist in such an unlikely location. In 2006 a conscious effort was made to keep the barren look to the area; previous federal efforts on renovating Hoosier National Forest meant adding nonnative species to low-growth areas. It was around Clover Lick in 1972 that Indiana decided to reintroduce wild turkeys back to Indiana, dedicating Шаблон:Convert for the purpose.

Also found in Hoosier National Forest is Sundance Lake, a Шаблон:Convert lake.

Hoosier National Forest lies in parts of nine counties in southern Indiana.

Recreation

The trail system has almost Шаблон:Convert, and allows horseback riding and mountain bikes, along with hiking. Hikers are to yield to horses, and mountain bikers are to yield to both of them. Within the Hemlock Cliffs Valley, located within the central portion of the National Forest, there is the 1.2 mile Hemlock Cliffs trail. The trail is noted as access to sandstone cliffs and seasonal waterfalls as well as Hemlock trees and rare wintergreen plants.

Hoosier National Forest Trail System

All trail locations are within the state of Indiana.

Trail	Location	Uses	Length (miles)
Birdseye Trail	Birdseye	Hiking, horse riding, and mountain biking	12.1
Brown County D Trail	Elkinsville	Hiking and horse riding	2.1
Buzzard Roost Trail	Magnet	Hiking	0.8
Celina Interpretive Trail	Indian-Celina Lake Recreation Area	Hiking	0.8
Fork Ridge Trail	Norman, north of Kurtz	Hiking	3.5
German Ridge Trail	Derby	Hiking, horse riding, and mountain biking	24.0
German Ridge Lake Trail	Derby	Hiking	1.9
Hardin Ridge Trail	Lake Monroe; Hardin Ridge Recreation Area	Hiking and biking	2.0
Hemlock Cliffs Trail	English	Hiking	1.0
Hickory Ridge Trail	Norman	Hiking, horse riding, and mountain biking	48.7
Lick Creek Trail	Paoli	Hiking, horse riding, and mountain biking	7.7
Mogan Ridge West Trail	Derby	Hiking, horse riding, and mountain biking	12.3
Mogan Ridge East Trail	Derby	Hiking	6.7
Nebo Ridge Trail	Nashville	Hiking, horseriding, and mountain biking	8.6
Oriole West Trail	Sulphur	Hiking, horseriding, and mountain biking	7.2
Oriole East Trail	Sulphur	Hiking, horseriding, and mountain biking	6.5
Pate Hollow Trail	Lake Monroe; Paynetown State Recreation Area	Hiking	7.7
Pioneer Mothers Trail	Paoli	Hiking	1.3
Saddle Lake Trail	Gatchel; east of Derby	Hiking	2.2
Shirley Creek Trail	West Baden Springs	Hiking, horse riding, and mountain biking	19.4
Spring(s) Valley Trail	Paoli	Hiking, horse riding, and mountain biking	12.7
Tipsaw Trail	Branchville; Tipsaw Lake Recreation Area	Hiking and mountain biking	5.9
Twin Oaks Interpretive Trail	Lake Monroe	Hiking	1.4
Two Lakes Loop National Recreation Trail	Indian-Celina Lake Recreation Area	Hiking	15.7
Wilderness West	Lake Monroe; Charles C. Deam Wilderness	Hiking and horse riding	32.4
Wilderness Sycamore	Lake Monroe; Charles C. Deam Wilderness	Hiking	4.9
Youngs Creek Trail	Paoli	Hiking, horse riding, and mountain biking	11.0

See also

• Charles C. Deam Wilderness Area

External links

• Шаблон:Official website
• Шаблон:Cite web