Английская Википедия:Hopen (Svalbard)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:For Шаблон:Infobox islands
Hopen is an island in the southeastern part of the Svalbard archipelago (Norway). Hopen was discovered in 1596 by Jan Cornelisz Rijp during the third expedition by Willem Barentsz, trying to find the Northeast Passage. Later, in 1613, its name was given by Thomas Marmaduke of Hull, who named it after his former command, the Hopewell.
The Norwegian Meteorological Institute since 1947 operates a staffed weather station on the island with a staff of four persons. For the welfare of the crew, there are three cabins available on the island for their use. [1][2][3]
History
During World War II, the Luftwaffe placed a meteorological team there under cover of Operation Zitronella. Due to their remote location, the German soldiers on Hopen were the last in Europe to surrender to the allies, who had to in fact be rescued after losing radio contact almost 5 months prior. [4]
On August 28, 1978 an early model Tupolev Tu-16 of the Soviet Air Force crashed on the island. All seven crew were killed in the accident. It was discovered two days later by the four-man Norwegian weather forecasting team. The USSR refused to admit the loss of an aircraft until the bodies of the crew were given to them. Norway transcribed the contents of the flight recorder over the objections of the Soviet government.[5]
Environment
A significant number of polar bears are found at Hopen in the winter;[6][7] moreover, the sub-population of Ursus maritimus found here is a genetically distinct taxon of polar bears associated with the Barents Sea region.[8] Since 2003, little sea ice has surrounded the island. [3]
Important Bird Area
The island has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International. It supports breeding populations of black-legged kittiwakes (40,000 pairs), thick-billed guillemots (150,000 individuals) and black guillemots (1000 pairs).[9]
Climate
Hopen has a tundra climate (Köppen climate classification ET). The average annual temperature in Hopen is Шаблон:Convert. The average annual rainfall is Шаблон:Cvt with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around Шаблон:Convert, and lowest in March, at around Шаблон:Convert. The highest temperature ever recorded in Hopen was Шаблон:Cvt on 9 July 1973; the coldest temperature ever recorded was Шаблон:Cvt on 4 March 1986. Шаблон:Weather box
Gallery
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Hopen meteorological station in 2019
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Hopen meteorological station, seen from north
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The southernmost point, Kapp Thor, and the highest point, Iversenfjellet (370Шаблон:Nbspm) seen from south
See also
References
Bibliography
- C. Michael Hogan (2008) Polar Bear: Ursus maritimus, Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg
- Oysten Wiig and Kjell Isaksen Seasonal Distribution of Harbour Seals, Bearded Seals, White Whales and Polar Bears in the Barents Sea
External links
Шаблон:Svalbard Шаблон:Barents Sea Islands Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ Svalbard Arctic out post at strategic crossroads September 9, 1980 Christian Science Monitor Retrieved August 15, 2017
- ↑ Umbreit, Andreas Bradt Svalbard: Spitzbergen with Frank Josef Land & Jan Mayen page 132 Retrieved August 15, 2017
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Soviet Union Military Plane Crashes in Norway October 27, 1978 Retrieved August 15, 2017
- ↑ Derocher AE, Andersen M, Wiig Ø, Aars J, Hansen E, Biuw M. 2011. Sea ice and polar bear den ecology at Hopen Island, Svalbard. Marine Ecology Progress Series 441:273-279.
- ↑ Oysten Wiig and Kjell Isaksen
- ↑ C. Michael Hogan, 2008
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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