Английская Википедия:Hormuz Island

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Файл:Persian Gulf Near Hormuz Island.jpg

Файл:Strait of hormuz.jpg

Historical map of the Strait of Hormuz showing the island spelled as Ormuz, top right

Hormuz Island (Шаблон:IPAc-en; Шаблон:Lang-fa), also spelled Ormus, is an Iranian island in the Persian Gulf. Located in the Strait of Hormuz, Шаблон:Cvt off the Iranian coast, the island is part of Hormozgan Province. It is sparsely inhabited, but some development has taken place since the late 20th century.

History

Шаблон:Main The earliest evidence for human presence on the island is several stone artifacts discovered at the eastern shorelines of the island. A lithic scatter was found at a site called Chand-Derakht, which is an uplifted marine Pleistocene terrace. This site yielded a Middle Paleolithic lithic assemblage characterized by Levallois methods and dates back to more than 40,000 years ago.

The island, known as Organa (Шаблон:Lang) to the ancient Greeks and as Jarun in the Islamic period, acquired the name of "Hormuz" from the important harbour town of Hormuz (Ormus) on the mainland 60 km away, which had been a centre of a minor principality on both sides of the strait. The principality paid tribute to the Mongol-ruled Ilkhanate and was an important source of income from maritime trade. The town's ruler decided to shift his residence to the island around 1300, in order to evade attacks by Mongolian and Turkish groups from the interior. The ruler later made peace with the Ilkhans.

Ibn Battuta also visited the island and New Hormuz.

Файл:Portuguese Arabia V20.png

Portuguese presence in the Persian Gulf and Red Sea. Green – Portuguese possessions. Dark green – allied or under influence.

In 1505, King Manuel I of Portugal established a policy of expansion in Africa and Western Asia. During attempts to expand Portuguese influence into the Indian Ocean, the Portuguese duke Afonso de Albuquerque captured the island in 1507 and it was incorporated into the greater Portuguese Empire. The Portuguese constructed a fortress on the island to deter potential invaders, naming it the Fort of Our Lady of the Conception. The island became an emergency stopover point for Portuguese ships traveling to Goa, Gujarat, and nearby Kishm. The Ottomans laid siege to the island under the admiral and cartographer Piri Reis in 1552.

Shah Abbas I of Persia distrusted the local population and was not interested in maintaining the island as a trading centre or military post; instead he developed the nearby mainland port of Bandar Abbas. Hormuz went into decline. Many of its inhabitants seasonally moved to their fields and orchards around the old Hormuz on the mainland, only fishermen being in permanent residence. The island continued to export small quantities of rock salt and lumps of iron oxide which were used as ballast stones for sailing ships.

Geography and geology

Hormuz Island has an area of Шаблон:Cvt.Шаблон:Citation needed

Reddish ochre on the island and its beaches, called Golak by natives, has been exploited for artistic and culinary purposes, and also attracts tourists. Degradation due to overuse of the ochre has resulted in actions by the Department of Environment to protect it.

The satellite images catching the concentric arrangement of the rocks show that Hormuz Island appears to be a so called salt diapir, composed of ancient seasalt deposists which due to lack of salt dissolving groundwater and rains and due to their plastic deformabilty can flow and squeeze just like ice and thus under the squeezing pressure of other sediments on top has managed to rise above the surface over many many thousands of years, and during that time has been eroded into different shapes. The geological age of the Hormuz island is about 600 million years, and its life out of the water is about 50 thousand years.

Attractions

Red Beach

The mountain being on the shoreline, makes the red beach and red sea waves an unusual sight. Visitors walking along the shore will encounter areas where sand glitters with metal compounds.

Mangrove forest

Hormuz island has a forest of mangrove trees. The waterways and wild birds with its pristine nature attracts many tourists. Sea Forest has trees that live in the saltwater tidal area. Sometime most of them submerge in the sea water, but continue to survive. Iran’s southern coast is known for its aridity and salty sea water. there is a grassy area, that grows without the need for fresh water. In a story this mythical plant is grown from Adam’s tears.

Dr. Nadalian Museum

Файл:The Museum and Gallery of Dr. Ahmad Nadalian in Hormoz Island 1.jpg

The Museum and Gallery of Dr. Ahmad Nadalian in Hormoz Island

The Museum of Dr Nadalian in Hormuz Island, also known as the Museum and Gallery of Ahmad Nadalian in Hormuz Island, shows the work of Ahmad Nadalian (born 1963), whose works have been shown in galleries internationally. His environmental art projects include rock carvings, and not only his work, but also that of local indigenous women, bones of sea creatures are displayed in his museum, and dolls made of recycled materials.

The museum was created in March 2009 as the Paradise Art Centre, being renamed in 2012 to its current name. Also at this time, its entrance was redesigned with inspiration from local architecture.

Gallery

• Hormuz Island beach

  Hormuz Island beach

• Majara Residence

  Majara Residence

• The Fort of Our Lady of the Conception, Hormuz Island

  The Fort of Our Lady of the Conception, Hormuz Island

• Hara forests at Hormuz Island

  Hara forests at Hormuz Island

• The sea cliffs near the Valley of Statues of Hormuz Island

  The sea cliffs near the Valley of Statues of Hormuz Island

• Art made from ochre on the islands beaches

  Art made from ochre on the islands beaches

References

Sources

• .الكوخردى ، محمد ، بن يوسف، (كُوخِرد حَاضِرَة اِسلامِيةَ عَلي ضِفافِ نَهر مِهران) الطبعة الثالثة ،دبى: سنة 199۷ للميلاد Mohammed Kookherdi (1997) Kookherd, an Islamic civil at Mehran river, third edition: Dubai
• . کامله،القاسمی، بنت شیخ عبدالله، (تاریخ لنجة) مکتبة دبي للتوزیع، الامارات: الطبعة الثانية عام ۱۹۹۳ للمیلاد
• . الوحیدی الخنجی، حسین بن علی بن احمد، «تاریخ لنجه» ، الطبعة الثانية دبی: دار الأمة للنشر والتوزیع، ۱۹۸۸ للمیلاد
• . اطلس گیتاشناسی استان‌های ایران Gitashenasi Province Atlas of Iran Atlas Gitashenasi Ostanhai Iran Шаблон:Dead link
• . دره مجسمه ها Statue Valley Hormuz Island Шаблон:Webarchive

Further reading

• Speak the Wind (Mack, 2021; photographs by Hoda Afshar; essay by Michael Taussig) This work documents the landscapes and people of the islands of Hormuz Island, Qeshm, and Hengam, in the Persian Gulf off the south coast of Iran. Afshar got to know some of the people there, travelling there frequently over the years, and they told her about the history of the place. She said that "their narrations led the project", and she explores "the idea of being possessed by history, and in this context, the history of slavery and cruelty”.

External links

• Hormuz, The Bloody Island of Iran The Globetrotting Detective.