Английская Википедия:Horncastle boar's head

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Infobox artefact

The Horncastle boar's head is an early seventh-century Anglo-Saxon ornament depicting a boar that probably was once part of the crest of a helmet. It was discovered in 2002 by a metal detectorist searching in the town of Horncastle, Lincolnshire. It was reported as found treasure and acquired for £15,000 by the Lincoln City and County Museum, where it is on permanent display.

The fragment is Шаблон:Convert long and made of silver. Its elongated head is semi-naturalistic, depicting a crouching quadruped on either side of the skull, divided by a mane along the centre. The boar's eyes are formed from garnet, and its eyebrows, skull, mouth, tusks, and snout are gilded. Its head is hollow; in the space underneath, which was filled with soil and plant matter when found, are three rivets that would have attached it to a larger object, probably a helmet. The fragment would probably have formed the crest terminal of one of the "crested helmets" used in Northern Europe during the sixth through eleventh centuries.

The boar's head terminal is one of several representations of the animal on contemporaneous helmets. Boars surmount the Benty Grange and Wollaston helmets, and form the ends of the eyebrows of the Sutton Hoo and perhaps York helmets. These evidence a thousand-years-long tradition in Germanic paganism associating boars with the deities, and protection. The Roman historian Tacitus suggested that the Baltic Aesti wore boar symbols in battle to invoke the protection of a mother goddess, and in the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf, the poet writes that boar symbols on helmets kept watch over the warriors wearing them.

Description

Colour photograph of the bottom of the Horncastle helmet fragment, showing that it is hollow and filled with dirt
The bottom of the fragment, showing three rivets and still filled with dirt

The fragment represents a boar's head.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn It is hollow, with a shell made of silver, parts of which are gilded, and has garnet eyes.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The fragment is Шаблон:Convert long, and semi-naturalistic in style.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The head is elongated, capped by a prominent mane dividing the skull, and terminates in a blunt snout, defined by three grooved and gilded lines.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn On each side above the snout are more grooved and gilded lines representing the mouth, which includes pointed tusks.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The boar's two small eyes are formed with lentoid cabochon garnets, set in beaded gold filigree work with a double collar.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Two gilded eyebrows, cast in relief, are well clear of the eyes and set against the skull.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn This is also gilded, and repeats on either side the pattern of a crouching quadruped.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The figure's head is twisted backwards, its jaws biting across its body and back foot, which, like the front foot, has three toes.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

When the fragment was found it was filled with soil and plant roots.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Three rivets on the underside—one near the mouth, two at the opposite end—would have served to attach it to a larger object, most likely a helmet.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Discovery

The fragment was found on 1 May 2002 in Horncastle, a market town in Lincolnshire, England.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn It was discovered by a Mr D. Turner, who was searching with a metal detector.Шаблон:Sfn As required for found objects more than 300 years old and with more than a 10% silver content, it was reported under the Treasure Act 1996, and subsequently declared treasure.Шаблон:Sfn Valued at £15,000,Шаблон:Sfn it was purchased by the City and County Museum, Lincoln—now known as The Collection.Шаблон:Sfn

The acquisition was funded by the Art Fund, the MLA/V&A Purchase Grant Fund, Friends of Lincoln Museum & Art Gallery, and the Lincolnshire County Council Heritage Service Purchase Fund.Шаблон:Sfn As of 2019 the fragment is on display at The Collection alongside a variety of Anglo-Saxon grave goods.Шаблон:Sfn

Typology

Шаблон:Seealso

Colour photograph of the horse-head terminal from the Staffordshire helmet
Horse-head terminal from the Staffordshire helmet

The boar is of Anglo-Saxon origin, and dates from the first half of the seventh century AD.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Although its original purpose cannot be conclusively determined, the style and size of the boar suggests that it formed the terminal of a helmet crest.Шаблон:Sfn Figural terminals adorn the crests of many contemporaneous helmets,Шаблон:Sfn such as the Sutton Hoo helmet, which has a dragon terminal at either end,Шаблон:Sfn and the one from Staffordshire, which features a horse-head terminal.Шаблон:Sfn Boar iconography is also found on helmets from the period, typically on the crests, as with the Benty Grange, Wolaston and Guilden Morden examples,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn or at the ends of the eyebrows, as on those from Sutton Hoo and perhaps York.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Refn The Horncastle fragment, with its lentoid eyes, tusks, and defined mane, is stylistically similar to the boar atop the Benty Grange helmet.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Taken in context, the boar would probably have adorned an early model of the "crested helmets" known in Northern Europe in the sixth through eleventh centuries AD.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Such helmets are characterised by a rounded cap and usually a prominent nose-to-nape crest,Шаблон:Sfn from which the name of the helmet type derives and at one end of which the Horncastle boar was probably once attached.Шаблон:Sfn

Notes

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References

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Bibliography

Шаблон:Helmets Шаблон:Featured article

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