Английская Википедия:Horror aequi
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Italic title Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use American English Шаблон:Lang,Шаблон:Efn or avoidance of identity,[1]Шаблон:Rp is a linguistic principle that language users have psychological[2]Шаблон:Rp or physiological[3]Шаблон:Rp motives or limits on cognitive planning[3]Шаблон:Rp to avoid repetition of identical linguistic structures.
The term originated in 1909 in Karl Brugmann,[4]Шаблон:Rp who used it to explain dissimilation,[2]Шаблон:Rp the tendency for similar consonants or vowels in a word to become less similar,[5]Шаблон:Rp which can often be chalked up to simply "euphony".[4]Шаблон:Rp Today, however, the term is usually applied instead to grammatical elements or structures.[4]Шаблон:Rp
One of the most widely cited definitions[6]Шаблон:Rp[7]Шаблон:Rp is that of Günter Rohdenburg: "the horror aequi principle involves the widespread (and presumably universal) tendency to avoid the use of formally (near-)identical and (near-)adjacent (non-coordinate) grammatical elements or structures."[8]Шаблон:Rp
In the study of phonology, such avoidance falls under the obligatory contour principle,[1]Шаблон:Rp which holds that certain consecutive identical sounds are not permitted[9][10]Шаблон:Rp (such as in Mandarin Chinese, where two third tones are not used consecutively[11]Шаблон:Rp).
The term Шаблон:Lang is sometimes extended to the stylistic preference to avoid repeating the same word in a given text.[12]
Horror aequi in English
One illustration of Шаблон:Lang in English is the use of and + Шаблон:Smallcaps rather than the typical to + Шаблон:Smallcaps following certain to-infinitive verbs such as wait, try and check in order to avoid repeating the to + Шаблон:Smallcaps pattern.[8]Шаблон:Rp Thus, speakers typically use:
- I'll try to find a solution.
- I tried to open the door.
- I'll wait to hear the answer.
- I waited to start the process till the audience was assembled.
But following a to-infinitive, speakers will often use and instead of to:[8]Шаблон:Rp
- I'm going to try and find a solution.
- I wanted to try and open the door.
- I'm going to wait and hear the answer.
- I wanted to wait and start the process.
In addition to using and instead of to in order to avoid Шаблон:Lang, a strategy is to delay the second to + Шаблон:Smallcaps with intervening words.[8]Шаблон:Rp For example:
- I wanted to wait for a few minutes to start the process.
Other examples clearly demonstrate how Шаблон:Lang helps prevent confusion. Sentences with repetitive words or forms can be nearly incomprehensible even when adhering to grammatical rules.[1]Шаблон:Rp
?The boy who the girl who the other boy had hit had called came running.
Confusion here comes from both the repeated embedded who relative clauses and from the lack of semantic variety. Merely adding sematic difference can add some clarity:[1]Шаблон:Rp
?The number that the girl who the horse had kicked had called was for animal control.
The Шаблон:Lang principle holds that both of these examples would be avoided.
See also
Notes
References
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокLevshinaне указан текст - ↑ 2,0 2,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокMalkielне указан текст - ↑ 3,0 3,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокBaumannне указан текст - ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокBerlageне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокBrugmannне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокSzmrecsanyiне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокIyeiriне указан текст - ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 8,3 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокRohdenburg2003не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокLebenне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокMcCarthyне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокChenне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокSheldonне указан текст
